C++ Examples

	Class Inheritance

Inheritance is the ability for one class to receive its primary functionality from another class, also called its base class.

This example uses a class called Circle so that, given a radius, the program would calculate and display the diameter, the circumference, and the area.

Another class called Sphere is derived from the Circle class. This class can supply its own radius, display the same pieces of information as the Circle. Additionally, the Sphere class should calculate and display the volume.

This exercise uses different header and source files. It uses the following five files: circle.h, circle.cpp, sphere.h, sphere.cpp and exo.cpp.

Header File: circle.h

#ifndef CIRCLE_H#define CIRCLE_Hstruct Circle{public:	Circle();	void setRadius(double r);	double getRadius();	double Diameter();	double Circumference();	double Area();	void Display();protected:	double Radius;private:};#endif

Source File: circle.cpp

#include <iostream.h>#include "circle.h"const double PI = 3.14159;Circle::Circle(){	Radius = 0;}void Circle::setRadius(double r){	Radius = r <= 0 ? 1 : r;}double Circle::getRadius(){	return Radius;}double Circle::Diameter(){	return Radius * 2;}double Circle::Circumference(){	return Diameter() * PI;}double Circle::Area(){	return Radius * Radius * PI;}void Circle::Display(){	cout << "\nCircle Properties";	cout << "\nRadius        = " << getRadius();	cout << "\nDiameter      = " << Diameter();	cout << "\nCircumference = " << Circumference();	cout << "\nArea          = " << Area() << "\n";}

Header File: sphere.h

#ifndef SPHERE_H#define SPHERE_Hstruct Sphere : public Circle{public:	double Volume();	void Show();private:};#endif

Source File: sphere.cpp

#include <iostream.h>#include "circle.h"#include "sphere.h"const double PI = 3.14159;double Sphere::Volume(){	return Radius * Radius * Radius * PI * 4 / 3;}void Sphere::Show(){	cout << "\nCircle Properties";	cout << "\nRadius        = " << getRadius();	cout << "\nDiameter      = " << Diameter();	cout << "\nCircumference = " << Circumference();	cout << "\nArea          = " << Area();	cout << "\nVolume        = " << Volume() << "\n\n";}

Main File: exo.cpp

#include "circle.h"#include "sphere.h"void main(){	Circle circle;         // Displaying a circle using the default value of the radius	circle.Display();	Circle circ;           // A circle with a value supplied for the radius	circ.setRadius(12.50);	circ.Display();	Sphere sphere;          // A sphere that has its own radius, using the functions	sphere.setRadius(8.95); // of the base class	sphere.Show();}

Here is an example of running the program:

      Circle Properties      Radius        = 0      Diameter      = 0      Circumference = 0      Area          = 0      Circle Properties      Radius        = 12.5      Diameter      = 25      Circumference = 78.5397      Area          = 490.873      Circle Properties      Radius        = 8.95      Diameter      = 17.9      Circumference = 56.2345      Area          = 251.649      Volume        = 3003.01      Press any key to continue


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