Blender Materials: Mixing Some Materials

Introduction

Many of the materials used in Blender are complete by themselves. One way to enhance the effects of materials is to combine them. This operation includes the materials we have already seen: Diffusion BSDF, Glossy BSDF, and Glass BSDF. Blender provides many options to that effect.

Practical Learning: Starting the Project

1. Start Blender
2. In the Properties window, click the Object button
3. Position the mouse on the default cube and press X
4. In the menu that appears, click Delete
5. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Viewport Visibility button (the eye) on the right side of Lamp to hide it
6. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Rendering button (the camera) on the right side of Lamp to hide it

Practical Learning: Creating a Classic Cup

1. On the Tools window, click Create
2. Click Cylinder
3. In the Object tab of the Properties window, click Cylinder to select the name
4. Type Classic Cup and press Enter
5. In the Transform section, change the following values:

   Location - X: 1.275
   		     Y: -1.55
   		     Z: 3.75
   Scale    - X: .35
   		     Y: .35
              Z: .55

6. On the menu bar of the 3D-View, click Object Mode and click Edit Mode
7. On the menu bar of the 3D-View, click the Face Select button
8. Right-click the top face of the cylinder to select it
9. Press S to resize
10. Type 1.25 and press Enter:

    

11. Position the mouse on the cylinder and press X to delete
12. In the menu that appears, click Faces:

    

13. On the menu bar of the 3D-View, click the Vertex Select button
14. Press and hold Alt
15. Right-click one of the top vertices to select all of them
16. Release Alt:

    

17. Press E as if you want to extrude and press Enter
18. Press S as if you want to resize
19. Type .95 and press Enter:

    

20. Press Z to display in wireframe
21. In the Numeric Pad, press 1 to display the front view
22. Press 5 to work in an orthogonal view
23. Press E and press Enter
24. Press G
25. Press Z
26. Type -1.05 and press Enter:

    

27. Press S
28. Type .75 and press Enter:

    

29. Press Z to display in Solid view
30. Press Tab to display in Object Mode
31. Move the view to display the cup in perspective:

    

32. In the Properties window, click the Modifiers button
33. Click Add Modifier and click Subdivision Surface:

    

34. Set the View value to 2
35. Position the mouse on the cylnder and press Tab to display in Edit Mode
36. Press Ctrl + R and get a horizontal ellipse on the cylinder
37. Click to create a cut
38. Move the cut as close as possible to the top border:

    

39. Press Ctrl + R and get a horizontal ellipse on the cylinder
40. Click to create a cut
41. Move the cut as close as possible to the top border:

    

42. Position the mouse inside the top border. Press Ctrl + R to get a horizontal inside cut
43. Click to create a cut
44. Move the inside cut as close as possible to the top border:

    

45. Press Z to display in wireframe
46. Psition the mouse inside the top border. Press Ctrl + R to get a horizontal inside cut
47. Click once to create the cut
48. Move the inside cut as close as possible to the inside bottom border:

    

49. Press Z to exit the wireframe
50. Move the view so you can see the bottom side of the cylinder
51. Press and hold Alt
52. Right-click one of the bottom vertices to select them
53. Release Alt:

    

54. Press E and press Enter
55. Press S
56. Type .95 and press Enter:

    

57. Press Tab to display in Object Mode
58. In the Properties window, click Apply
59. In the Tools window and in the Tools tab, click Smooth:

    

60. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Viewport Visibility button (the eye) on the right side of Classic Cup to hide it from the work area
61. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Rendering button (the camera) on the right side of Classic Cup

Practical Learning: Creating a Bottle of Red Wine

1. In the Tools window, click Create
2. Click Cylinder
3. In the Add Cylinder section below the Tools window, change the following value:

   Vertices: 48

4. In the Properties window, click the Object button
5. In the Object tab of the Properties window, click Cylinder to select it
6. Type Bottle of Red Wine and press Enter
7. In the Object tab of the Properties window, change the following values:

   Location - X: 4.02
   		     Y: 1.55
              Z: 4.455
   Scale    - X: .4
   		     Y: .4
              Z: 1.25

8. To prepare to edit the cylinder, on the menu bar of the 3D View, click Object Mode and click Edit Mode
9. Move the view and zoom in so you can see the top side of the cylinder
10. On the menu bar of the 3D-View, click the Face Select button
11. On the cylinder, right-click the top face of the cylinder:

    

12. Press X to delete
13. On the menu that appears, click Faces
14. Position the mouse on the cylinder, press Ctrl + R and make sure you see a horizontal ellipse or line
15. Click twice to confirm the cut
16. Press G to move the cut
17. Press Z to move it vertically
18. Type .775 and press Enter:

    

19. Position the mouse above the bottom border of the cylinder, press Ctrl + R and make sure you see a horizontal ellipse or line
20. Click twice to confirm the cut:

    

21. Press G to move the cut
22. Press Z to move vertically
23. Type .55 and press Enter:

    

24. On the menu bar of the 3D-View, click the Vertex Select button
25. Press and hold Alt
26. Right-click one of the vertices on the top side of the cylinder to select all top vertices of the bottle
27. Release Alt:

    

28. Press S to resize
29. Type .25 and press Enter
30. Press and hold Alt
31. Right-click the second line from the top of the cylinder to select the horizoontal cut
32. Release Alt:

    

33. Press S to resize
34. Type .25 and press Enter:

    

35. The second and third horizontal lines are the neck of the bottle.
    Position the mouse on the neck of the bottle, press Ctrl + R and make sure you see a horizontal ellipse or line
36. Click twice to confirm the cut:

    

37. Press S to resize
38. Type 1.35 and press Enter:

    

39. Position the mouse between the third line from the top of the bottle and the fourth line, press Ctrl + R and make sure you see a horizontal ellipse or line
40. Click twice to confirm the cut
41. Press S to resize
42. Type 1.075 and press Enter:

    

43. Position the mouse between the second line from the top of the bottle and the third line, press Ctrl + R and make sure you see a horizontal ellipse or line
44. Click twice to confirm the cut
45. Press S to resize
46. Type .855 and press Enter:

    

47. Position the mouse between the second line from the top of the bottle and the third line, press Ctrl + R and make sure you see a horizontal ellipse or line
48. Click twice to confirm the cut
49. Press S to resize
50. Type 1.05 and press Enter:

    

51. Position the mouse between the third line from top and the fourth line from top, press Ctrl + R and make sure you see a horizontal ellipse or line
52. Click twice to confirm the cut
53. Press S
54. Type 855 and press Enter:

    

55. Move the view so you can see the bottom side of the cylinder
56. On the menu bar of the 3D-View, click the Vertex Select button
57. Press and hold Alt
58. Right-click one of the vertices on the bottom side of the cylinder to select all bottom vertices of the bottle
59. Release Alt:

    

60. Press E as if you want to extrude
61. Press S to move the vertices
62. Type .85 and press Enter:

    

63. Press E
64. Press S
65. Type 0 and press Enter:

    

66. On the cylinder, the central-bottom vertex should be selected (otherwise select it)
    In the Numeric Pad, press 1 to get the front orthogonal view
67. Press Z to display the object as a wireframe
68. Press G to prepare to move the vertex
69. Press Z to move vertically
70. Type .25 and press Enter:

    

71. Press Z to exit from wireframe
72. Press Tab to display in Object Mode
73. In the Object tab of the Properties window, click the Modifiers button
74. Click Add Modifier and click Solidify:

    

75. Click the Thickness value, type .02 and press Enter
76. Click Apply
77. Click Add Modifier and click Subdivision Surface
78. Set the View value to 2
79. Position the mouse on the bottle and press Tab to display in Edit Mode
80. Position the mouse in the upper section of the bottle, press Ctrl + R to get a horizontal line
81. Click once to accept the line
82. Move the line up as close as possible to the top border:

    

83. Position the mouse inside the top opening of the bottle, press Ctrl + R to get a horizontal line
84. Click once to confirm
85. Move the cut up as close as possible to the top border:

    

86. Move the shape so you can see the lower part of the bottle
87. Press Ctrl + R to get a horizontal cut and click once to cut
88. Move the line down close to the bottom border:

    

89. On the menu bar of the 3D View, click Edit Mode and click Object Mode
90. In the Properties window, click Apply
91. In the Tools window, click the Tools tab and click Smooth:

    

92. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Viewport Visibility button (the eye) on the right side of Bottle of Red Wine to hide it from the scene
93. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Rendering button (the camera) on the right side of Bottle of Red Wine

Practical Learning: Modeling Red Wine

1. In the Create tab of the Tools window, click Cylinder
2. In the Object tab of the Properties window, change the following values:

   Name:      Red Wine
   Location - X: 4.02
   		     Y: 1.55
              Z: 4.235
   Scale	   - X: .365
   		     Y: .365

3. On the menu bar of the 3D View, click Object Mode and click Edit Mode
4. Position the mouse on the cylinder, press Ctrl + R and make sure you see a horizontal ellipse or line
5. Click twice to confirm the cut
6. Press G to move the cut
7. Press Z to move it vertically
8. Type .5 and press Enter:

   

9. Position the mouse below the top border, press Ctrl + R and make sure you see a horizontal ellipse or line
10. Click twice to confirm the cut
11. Press G to move the cut
12. Press Z to move vertically
13. Type -.125 and press Enter
14. Press S to resize
15. Type .975 and press Enter:

    

16. Position the mouse below the top border, press Ctrl + R and make sure you see a horizontal ellipse or line
17. Click twice to confirm the cut
18. Press G to move the cut
19. Press Z to move vertically
20. Type -.1 and press Enter
21. Press S to resize
22. Type .875 and press Enter:

    

23. Position the mouse below the top border, press Ctrl + R and make sure you see a horizontal ellipse or line
24. Click twice to confirm the cut
25. Press G to move the cut
26. Press Z to move vertically
27. Type -.05 and press Enter
28. Press S to resize
29. Type .465 and press Enter:

    

30. Position the mouse below the top border, press Ctrl + R and make sure you see a horizontal ellipse or line
31. Click twice to confirm the cut
32. Press S to resize
33. Type .4 and press Enter:

    

34. On the menu bar of the 3D-View, click the Vertex Select button
35. Press and hold Alt
36. Right-click one of the vertices on the top side of the cylinder to select all top vertices of the bottle
37. Release Alt:

    

38. Press S to resize
39. Type .25 and press Enter

    

40. On the menu bar of the 3D View, click Edit Mode and click Object Mode
41. In the Tools window, click the Tools tab and click the Smooth button
42. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Viewport Visibility button on the right side of Red Wine to hide it
43. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Rendering button (the camera) on the right side of Red Wine

Practical Learning: Creating an Empty Bottle

1. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Viewport Visibility button (the eye) on the right side of Bottle of Red Wine to display it
2. In the work area, right-click the bottle to select it
3. Press Shift + D to make a copy of the bottle and press Enter
4. In the Properties window, click Bottle of Red Window.001 to select it
5. Type Chantilly and press Enter
6. In the Object tab of the Properties window, change the following value:

   Location - X: 0

7. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Viewport Visibility button on the right side of Chantilly to hide it
8. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Rendering button (the camera) on the right side of Chantilly

Practical Learning: Modeling a Bottle Cap

1. On the menu bar of the 3D View, click Add -> Mesh -> Cylinder
2. In the Add Cylinder section below the Tools window, change the following value:

   Vertices: 32

3. In the Object tab of the Properties window, change the following values:

   Name:      Bottle Cap
   Location - X: 4.00945
   		     Y: 1.55
              Z: 5.575
   Scale    - X: .108
   		     Y: .108
              Z: .15

4. Position the mouse in the work area and press Tab to display the cap (or cork) in Edit Mode
5. Press Ctrl + R and create a horizontal cut on the shape, then move it up as follows:

   

6. Create another horizontal cut and position it as follows:

   

7. On the menu bar of the 3D-View, click the Face Select button
8. Press and hold Shift, then right-click one of the middle faces, and release Shift:

   

9. Press E to extrude
10. Press S to move the faces
11. Type 1.1 and press Enter:

    

12. Press Tab to display the cap (or cork) in Object Mode
13. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Viewport Visibility button (the eye) on the right side of Bottle Cap to hide it
14. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Rendering button (the camera) on the right side of Bottle Cap

Practical Learning: Creating a Bottle of White Wine

1. In the Tools window, click Create
2. Click Cylinder
3. In the Add Cylinder section below the Tools window, change the following value:

   Vertices: 48

4. In the Object tab of the Properties window, change the following values:

   Name:      Bottle of White Wine
   Location - X: 2
   		     Y: 1.55
              Z: 4.455
   Scale    - X: .4
   		     Y: .4
              Z: 1.25

5. Position the mouse in the work area and press Tab to display in Edit Mode
6. Move the view so you can see the top side of the cylinder
7. Press Ctrl + Tab and, on the menu that appears, click Face
8. On the cylinder, right-click the top face of the cylinder
9. Press X
10. Click Faces
11. Press Ctrl + R and make sure you get a horizontal cut on the object
12. Roll the middle mouse button slightly up to get 2 cuts:

    

13. Then click once to accept the cuts
14. Press G to move the cuts
15. Press Z to move them vertically
16. Type .45 and press Enter. Here is an example:

    

17. Press and hold Alt
18. Right-click a vertext in the top border to select all of them
19. Release Alt
20. Press S to resize
21. Type .25 and press Enter
22. Press and hold Alt
23. Right-click a vertex in the second cut to select those vertices
24. Release Alt
25. Press S to resize
26. Type .25 and press Enter:

    

27. Position the mouse in the middle part of the bottle and press Ctrl + R to get a horizontal cut
28. Roll the middle mouse button to get 3 cut, then click twice to confirm. Here is an example:

    

29. Press and hold Alt, then right-click a cut to select its vertices, then release Alt, then press S and move the mouse to resize the cut. Model the bottle as follows:
    
    
    
30. Move the view so you can see the bottom side of the bottle
31. Press Alt
32. Right-click a bottom vertext to select the whole border
33. Then release Alt:

    

34. Press E and press Enter
35. Press S
36. Type .9 and press Enter:

    

37. Press E and press Enter
38. Press S
39. Type .5 and press Enter:

    

40. Press G to prepare to move the vertex
41. Press Z to move vertically
42. Type .1 and press Enter:

    

    

43. Press Tab to display the Object Mode
44. In the Properties window, click the Modifiers button
45. Click Add Modifier and click Solidify:

    

46. Click the Thickness value, type.02 and press Enter
47. Click Apply
48. Click Add Modifier and click Subdivision Surface
49. Set the View value to 2
50. Position the mouse on the bottle and press Tab to display in Edit Mode
51. Position the mouse in the upper section of the bottle, press Ctrl + R to get a horizontal line
52. Click twice to confirm
53. Move the blue line (Z axis) up as close as possible to the top border:

    

54. Move the view so you can see the bottom part of the bottle
55. Press Ctrl + R to get a horizontal cut and press twice to confirm
56. Move the line down close to the bottom border:

    

57. On the menu bar of the 3D View, click Edit Mode and click Object Mode
58. In the Properties window, click Apply
59. In the Tools window, click the Tools tab and click Smooth:

    

60. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Viewport Visibility button on the right side of Bottle of White Wine to hide it
61. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Rendering button on the right side of Bottle of White Wine to hide it

Practical Learning: Creating the White Wine

1. In the Properties window, click the Object button
2. On the menu bar of the 3D View, click Add -> Mesh -> Cylinder
3. In the Add Cylinder section below the Tools window, change the following value:

   Cap Fill Type: Triangle Fan

4. In the Object tab of the Propertles window, change the following values:

   Name:      White Wine
   Location - X: 2
   		     Y: 1.55
              Z: 3.75
   Scale    - X: .365
              Y: .365
              Z: .5

5. On the menu bar of the 3D View, click Object Mode and click Edit Mode
6. On the menu bar of the 3D-View, click the Vertex Select button
7. Right-click the top-middle vertex to select it
8. Press X to delete it
9. In the menu that appears, click Vertices:

   

10. Press and hold Alt
11. Right-click one of the vertices on the top border of the cylinder to select all top vertices of the cylinder
12. Release Alt:

    

13. Press E to extrude and press Enter
14. Press S to resize the new face
15. Type .85 and press Enter:

    

16. Press G to move the vertices
17. Press Z to move them vertically
18. Type -.02 and press Enter:

    

19. Press E to extrude and press Enter
20. Press S to resize
21. Type 0 and press Enter to close the face:

    

22. Move the view so you can see the bottom side of the cylinder
23. Press and hold Alt
24. Right-click one of the vertices on the bottom side of the cylinder to select all bottom vertices of the cylinder
25. Release Alt:

    

26. Press E
27. Press S
28. Type .9 and press Enter:

    

29. Right-click the middle vertex to select it:

    

30. Press Z to display in wireframe
31. On the cylinder, the central-bottom vertex should be selected (otherwise select it)
    Press G to prepare to move the vertex
32. Press Z to move vertically
33. Type .24 and press Enter:

    

34. On the menu bar of the 3D View, click Edit Mode and click Object Mode
35. In the Tools window, click the Tools tab
36. Click Smooth
37. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Viewport Visibility button on the right side of Red Wine to hide it
38. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Rendering button on the right side of Red Wine

Practical Learning: Creating an Empty Wine Glass

1. In the Tools window, click Create and click Plane
2. In the Object section of the Properties window, click Plane to select it
3. Type Empty Glass and press Enter
4. In the Transform section, change the following values:

   Name:      Empty Glass
   Location - X: 1
   	         Y: 1
       	     Z: 0

5. Move the view and zoom in so you can see the top side of the plane
6. Position the mouse on the cube and press Tab to switch to Edit Mode
7. On the menu bar of the 3D View, click the Pivot Point button and click Active Element
8. The Vertex Select option should be On (if you have doubt, on the menu bar of the 3D-View, click the Vertex Select button )
   On the plane, right-click the vertex in the top-left side
9. Press and hold Shift
10. Right-click the vertex in the top-right side and the vertex in the bottom-right side
11. Release Shift:

    

12. Press X to delete
13. In the menu that appears, click Vertices:

    

14. In the Numeric Pad, press 1 (you should be in the orthogonal view; if you are not, press 5).
    Also zoom in to get a bigger view
15. Right-click the vertex that was left (if you don't see it, simply press A to select everything)
16. Press and hold Ctrl
17. Position the mouse on the left side by approximately 4 units and click (don't try to be precise; you will make the changes later):

    

18. Still holding down Ctrl, position the mouse anywhere above the new vertex and click (again, don't try to be precise):

    

19. Continue using the Ctrl key and clicking to create a shape that looks approximately as follows. Don't follow exactly the following illustration. You will make any changes later:

    

20. To select a vertex, you can right-click it. Here is an example:

    

21. To select many vertices, first select one of them, press and hold Shift, then right-click the other desired vertices, and release Shift
22. To move a vertex, first select it. Then, either use the axes arrows and move them, or press G, move the mouse to the desired area, and click. Here is an example:

    

23. To move many vertices, first select them, then either use the G key or the arrows to move them
24. To create a new vertex, first select one on one end. Then, either hold down the Ctrl key and click in the desired area, or press E, move the mouse to the desired area, and click. Here is an example:
    
    
    
25. To segment a line with one cut (or to create a cut), press Ctrl + R, position the mouse on the edge to be segmented until you see a dertex on it. Here is an example:

    

26. Then click. Here is an example:

    

27. To create many cuts, press Ctrl + R until you see an orange line on the line, then roll the middle mouse button to specify the number of cuts, then click
28. Based on these techniques, create a shape approximately as follows (yours doesn't have to be exactly like the following shape; we are trying to model a glass, so use your own imagination/inspiration and taste):

    

29. Press Shift + S
30. In the menu that appears, click Cursor to Center
31. Press A to select all vertices:

    

32. In the Numeric Pad, press 7 to display the top view
33. In the Tools menu, click the Tools tab and, in the Add section, click Spin
34. In the Spin section below the Tools window, change the collowing values:

    Steps: 72
    Angle: 360

    

35. Move the view to see the glass in perspective:

    

36. On the menu bar of the 3D View, click Edit Mode and click Object Mode:

    

37. In the Properties window, click the Modifiers button
38. Click Add Modifier and click Subdivision Surface
39. Set the View value to 2
40. In the Tools window, click the Tools tab and click Smooth

    

41. In the Object tab of the Properties window, change the following values:

    Location - X: 4.025
    		     Y: -.8
               Z: 3.1825
    Scale    - X: .75
    		   Y: .75
               Z: .75

42. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Viewport Visibility button on the right side of Empty Glass to hide it
43. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Rendering button on the right side of Empty Glass

Practical Learning: Creating an Ice Bucket

1. On the menu bar of the 3D View, click Add -> Mesh -> UV Sphere
2. In the Numeric Pad, press 1 (the sphere should be in orthographic view; if that's not the case,. press 5)
3. Zoom in to see a larger view of the sphere
4. Press Tab to display the sphere in Edit Mode
5. Press A to deselect everything
6. Press Z to display the sphere in wireframe
7. Press B to prepare to box-select
8. Draw a rectangle that selects the top portion of the sphere, including the middle line:

   

9. Release the mouse:

   

10. Press X to delete
11. In the menu that appears, click Faces:

    

12. Move the view so you can see the bottom side of the object
13. The Vertex Select should be On (if you have doubt, on the menu bar of the 3D-View, click the Vertex Select button )
    Right-click the central-bottom vertex of the shape:

    

14. Press G to move the vertex
15. Press Z to move vertically
16. Type .02 and press Enter
17. In the Numeric Pad, press 1
18. Press B to box-select
19. Draw a rectangle that selects the group of bottom vertices:

    

20. Press G
21. Press Z
22. Type .06 and press Enter
23. Press B to box-seect
24. Draw a rectangle that selects the group of bottom vertices:

    

25. Press G
26. Press Z
27. Type .1 and press Enter:

    

28. Press Z to exit the wireframe
29. Press Tab to display the shape in Object Mode:

    

30. In the Properties window, click the Object button
31. Click Sphere to select it
32. Type Ice Bucket and press Enter
33. In the Properties window, click the Modifiers button
34. Click Add Modifier and click Solidify:

    

35. Click the Thickness value, type .05 and press Enter
36. Click Apply
37. Click Add Modifier and click Subdivision Surface
38. Set the View to 2
39. Click Apply
40. In the Tools tab of the Tools window, in the Shading section, click Smooth:

    

41. In the Object tab of the Properties window, change the following values:

    Location - X: -1.18
    	   Y: -1.4
               Z: 4.03

42. Position the mouse in the work area and press R to rotate
43. Press Z to rotate it horizontally
44. Type 35 and press Enter
45. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Viewport Visibility button (the eye) on the right side of Ice Bucket to hide it
46. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Rendering button on the right side of Ice Bucket

Practical Learning: Creating a Champaign Bucket

1. Position the mouse in the work area, press Shift + A -> Mesh -> Cone
2. In the Add Cone section below the Tools window, change the following value:

   Radius 1: .85
   Radius 2: 1

3. In the Object tab of the Properties window, change the following values:

   Name:      Champaign Bucket
   Location - X: -3.5
   	   Y: 1.285
              Z: 4.22
   Scale    - Z: 1.05

4. Position the mouse in the work area and press tab to display the cone in Edit Mode
5. Press Ctrl + R to create a horizontal cut
6. Click once to confirm
7. Press Z to move it vertically
8. Type .9 and press Enter to move down

   

9. Position the mouse below the top border and press Ctrl + R to create a horizontal cut
10. Click once to create the cut
11. Press Z to move it vertically
12. Type .75 and press Enter to move down:

    

13. Position the mouse below the top border and press Ctrl + R to create a horizontal cut
14. Click once to create the cut
15. Press Z to move it vertically
16. Type .85 and press Enter:

    

17. Position the mouse below the top border and press Ctrl + R to create a horizontal cut
18. Click once to create the cut
19. Press Z to move it vertically
20. Type .65 and press Enter:

    

21. Press Ctrl + Tab
22. In the menu that appears, click Face
23. Press and hold Alt
24. Right-click one of the middle faces
25. Release Alt:

    

26. Press S to resize
27. Type .75 and press Enter:

    

28. Position the mouse below the selected faces and press Ctrl + R to create a horizontal cut
29. Click twice to create the cut:

    

30. Press S to resize
31. Type .95 and press Enter
32. Position the mouse above the faces that were selected and press Ctrl + R to create a horizontal cut
33. Click twice to create the cut:

    

34. Press S to resize
35. Type .925 and press Enter:

    

36. Press Ctrl + Tab
37. In the menu that appears, click Face
38. Right-click the top face to select it
39. Press E to extrude and press Enter
40. Press G
41. Press Z
42. Type .1 and press Enter
43. Press S to resize
44. Type 1.05 and press Enter::

    

45. Press E to extrude and press Enter
46. Press G
47. Press Z
48. Type .1 and press Enter
49. Press S to resize
50. Type 1.1 and press Enter:

    

51. Press X
52. In the menu that appears, click Faces
53. Press Tab to display the bucket in Object Mode
54. In the Properties window, click the Modifiers button
55. Click Add Modifier and click Solidify
56. Set the Thickness value to .05
57. Still in the Properties window, click Apply
58. Position the mouse in the work area and press Tab to display the bucket in Edit Mode
59. Position the mouse in the work area, press Shift + A -> Cone
60. In the Add Cone section below the Tools window, change the following values:

    Radius 1:  1.02
    Radius 2:  1.04
    Depth:     .2
    Location - X: -3.5
    		     Y: 1.285
               Z: 5.5

    

61. Use the green or the red arrow to move the cone away from the bucket. Here is an example:

    

62. Right-click the top face to select it
63. Press E to extrude and press Enter
64. Press S to resize
65. Type .95 and press Enter:

    

66. Press X to delete
67. In the menu that appears, click Faces
68. Right-click the other inside face to select it
69. Press E to extrude and press Enter
70. Press S to resize
71. Type .95 and press Enter
72. Press X to delete
73. In the menu that appears, click Faces:

    

74. In the Numeric Pad, press 7 to display the top view
75. Press Z to display the wireframe
76. Press B to prepare to box-select
77. Draw a rectangle that covers some central parts of the object:

    

    

    

78. Press X to delete
79. In the menu that appears, click Faces
80. Move the view so you can see the objects in perspective
81. Press Z to display the objects in Solid view:

    

82. On the menu bar of the 3D-View, click the Edge Select button
83. Right-click a small edge on one side
84. Press and hold Shift
85. Right-click the small edge opposing it
86. Release Shift:

    

87. Press F to create a face
88. In the same way, create a face of the edges on the other side:

    

89. Also create faces on the other object:

    

90. Press Z to display the wireframe
91. Press B to box-select
92. Draw a rectangle that covers both objects to select them:

    

93. Press Z to display the object in Solid view
94. Use the green or red arrow to move the objects to the bucket:

    

    

95. Position the mouse in the work area, press Shift + A -> Torus
96. In the Add Torus sectiom below the Tools window, change the following values:

    Major Radius:  .3
    Minor Radius:  .02

97. If necessary, move the torus to an isolated area away from any other shape.
    In the Numeric Pad, press 7 to display the top view:

    

98. While (make sure) all faces of the handle are selected, press S to resize
99. Press Y to resize horizontally
100. Type 1.65 and press Enter
101. Press S to resize
102. Press Z to resize horizontally
103. Type 2 and press Enter
104. Press A to deselect everything
105. Press Z to display in wireframe
106. Press B to prepare to box-select
107. Draw a rectangle that covers the edges from the left to the center, including the edges in the middle:

     

     

108. Press X
109. In the menu that appears, click Faces
110. Press B again and select all edges of the object that was created
111. Press Z to display the objects in Solid View
112. Move the view to display the objects in perspective
113. Move the torus to the root handle that was glued to the bucket (when placing the handle, look inside the bucket and make sure the handle doesn't come out inside). Here is an example:

     

114. Make sure (all faces of) the right handle is (are) selected (if you have doubts, prress A to deselect everything, then position the mouse on the right handle, and press L).
     Press Shift + D to copy
115. Press X to move the handle horizontally
116. Move the mouse/handle away from the bucket and click
117. Press R to rotate the handle
118. Press Z to rotate it vertically
119. Type 180 and press Enter
120. Move the handle to the left side of the bucket:

     

121. Press Tab to display the bucket in Object Mode
122. In the Modifiers section of the Properties window, click Add Modifier and click Subdivision Surface
123. Set the View to 2
124. Position the mouse in the work area and press Tab to work in Edit Mode
125. Press Ctrl + R to create some cuts and position them as follows:

     

     

     

     

     

     

126. Press Tab
127. In the Propertties window, click Apply
128. In the Tools tab of the Tools window, in the Shading section, click Smooth:

     

129. Position the mouse in the work area and press R to rotate the bucket
130. Press Z to rotate it horizontally
131. Type 35 and press Enter
132. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Viewport Visibility button on the right side of Champaign Bucket to hide it
133. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Rendering button on the right side of Champaign Bucket

Practical Learning: Creating a Picnic Table

1. Position the mouse in the work area, press Shift + A -> Mesh -> Cube
2. In the Properties window, click the Object button
3. In the Transform section, change the following values:

   name:      Table Board
   Location - X: 0
   		     Y: 0
   		     Z:  3.1
   Scale    - X: 5
   		     Y: .75
   		     Z: .1

4. Position the mouse in the work area, press Alt + D to duplicate, and press Enter
5. In the Properties window, below Location, click the Y value, type -1.6 and press Enter
6. Position the mouse in the work area, press Alt + D to copy, and press Enter
7. In the Properties window, change the Y value of the Location to 1.6 and press Enter:

   

8. Position the mouse in the work area, press Alt + D, and press Enter
9. In the Properties window, change the following values:

   Location - Y: -3.2
   	   Z: 1.6

   

10. Position the mouse in the work area, press Alt + D to copy, and press Enter
11. In the Properties window, change the Y value of the Location to 3.2 and press Enter

    

12. Position the mouse in the work area.
    Press Alt + D and press Enter
13. In the Object section of the Properties window, change the following values:

    Location - X: 3.25
               Y: 0
    		     Z:  2.85
    Scale    - X: .1
    		     Y: 2.35
    		     Z: .15

    

14. Position the mouse in the work area, press Alt + D, and press Enter
15. In the Properties window, under Location, click the X value, type -3.25 and press Enter

    

16. Position the mouse in the work area, press Alt + D, and press Enter
17. In the Properties window, change the following values:

    Location - Z: 1.35
    Scale    - Y: 4

    

18. Position the mouse in the work area, press Alt + D, and press Enter
19. In the Properties window, under Location, click the X value, type 3.25 and press Enter:

    

20. In the Create section of the Tools tab, click Cylinder
21. In the Object tab of the Properties window, change the following values:

    Name:      Table Leg
    Location - X: 3
    		     Y: -3.25
    		     Z: .75
    Scale    - X: .15
    		     Y: .15
    		     Z: .75

    

22. Position the mouse in the work area, press Alt + D, and press Enter
23. In the Properties window, under Location, click the X value, type -3 and press Enter:

    

24. Position the mouse in the work area, press Alt + D, and press Enter
25. In the Properties window, change the Y location to 3.25

    

26. Position the mouse in the work area, press Alt + D, and press Enter
27. In the Properties window, change the X location to 3 and press Enter:

    

28. Position the mouse in the work area, press Alt + D, and press Enter
29. In the Properties window, change the following values:

    Location - Y: -1.5
    		     Z: 1.5
    Scale    - Z: 1.5

    

30. Position the mouse in the work area, press Alt + D, and press Enter
31. In the Properties window, change the Y location to 1.5 and press Enter
32. Position the mouse in the work area, press Alt + D, and press Enter
33. In the Properties window, change the X location to -3 and press Enter
34. Position the mouse in the work area, press Alt + D, and press Enter
35. In the Properties window, change the Y location to -1.5 and press Enter:

    

Practical Learning: Creating Ice Cubes

1. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Viewport Visibility button (the eye) on the right side of Ice Bucket to display it
2. In the Create tab of the Tools window, click Cube
3. In the Object tab of the Properties window, change the following values:

   Name:      Ice Cube
   Location - X: -1
   		     Y: -1.5
              Z: 7
   Scale    - X: .1
   		     Y: .1
              Z: .1

   

4. In the Tools window, click the Physics tab
5. In the Add/Remove section, click Add Active
6. In the Properties window, click the Modifiers button
7. Click Add Modifier and click Bevel
8. Click the Width value, type .25 and press Enter:

   

9. Click Apply
10. In the Properties window, click the Object button
11. In the Numeric Pad, press 1 to access the front view
12. Position the mouse in the work area. Press Alt + D and press Enter
13. Use the blue arrow of the Z axis to move the new ice cube above the first one
14. In the Numeric Pad, press 3
15. Use the green arrow of the Y axis to move the ice cube slightly to the left or the right of the other. Here is an example:

    

16. Press Alt + D and press Enter about 40 times (it doesn't have to be exactly 40 times; we just need a few cubes but we can't create them through the Array modifier)
17. Right-click a cube to select it, move it. Change to the side view, the front view, and the top view. Use the Rotate button on the menu bar of the 3D View to rotate the cube. Visually keep all ice cubes within the circumference of the top face of the ice bucket. Create the group of cubes approximately as follows (your design doesn't have to match the following one):
    
    
    
    
    
    

    

18. In the work area, right-click the ice bucket to select it
19. In the Tools window, click the Physics tab
20. In the Add/Remove section, click Add Passive
21. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Viewport Visibility button (the eye) on the right side of Ice Bucket) to hide it

Practical Learning: Creating A Horizon

1. In the Tools window, click the Create tab
2. In the Create tab of the Tools window, click Plane
3. In the Object tab of the Properties window, change the following values:

   Name:      Horizon
   Location - X: -15
   		     Y: 20
   		     Z: 0
   Scale    - Z: 35
   		     Y: 40

Practical Learning: Creating the Borders of the Eating Area

1. In the Create tab of the Tools window, click Cube
2. In the Object tab of the Properties window, change the following values:

   Name:      Eatery Border - Front
   Location - X: 0
   		     Y: -8.5
   		     Z: 0
   Scale    - X: 8.5
   		     Y: .2
              Z: .1

3. Position the mouse in the work area, press Alt + D, and press Enter
4. In the Properties window, change the Y location to 8.5
5. In the Create tab of the Tools window, click Cube
6. In the Object tab of the Properties window, change the following values:

   Name:      Eatery Border - Left
   Location - X: -8.3
   		     Y: 0
   		     Z: 0
   Scale    - X: .2
   		     Y: 8.3
              Z: .1

7. Position the mouse in the work area, press Alt + D, and press Enter
8. In the Properties window, change the X location to 8.3

Practical Learning: Adding an Eating Area

1. In the Create tab of the Tools window, click Plane
2. In the Object tab of the Properties window, change the following values:

   Name:      Eating Area
   Location - X: 0
   		     Y: 0
   		     Z: .075
   Scale    - X: 8.25
   		     Y: 8.5

Practical Learning: Introducing Materials

1. On the top menu bar, click Blender Render and, in the menu that appears, click Cycles Render
2. On the menu bar of the 3D View, click the Viewport Shading button and select Material:

   

3. In the Properties window, click the Render button
4. Below Resolution, click 50% to select it
5. Type 100 and press Enter
6. Click Sampling to expand it
7. Change the value of Render to 2000 and press Enter
8. In the Properties window, click the World button
9. Click Use Nodes
10. Click the Color button and click RGB
11. Set the RGB values as follows:

    R: .985
    G: .945
    B: .875

12. Position the mouse in the small triangle in the top-right corner of the 3D View until the cursor becomes a +:

    

13. Click and drag down roughly a third of the height of the screen
14. Release the mouse to create the window
15. Click the button in the bottom-left section of the new window and click Node Editor:

    

16. In the Properties window, click the Material button

Material Mixing

Blender provides various ways to combine materials to get a special effect or a particular appearance. Probably the most fundamental technique consists of using a material or feature named Mix Shader. The window of this material is equipped with two entry source. You can use each of these entries to include a material of your choice. Obviously each input should be different.

Practical Learning: Materializing the Table Border

1. In the Outliner, click Table Board to select it
2. In the Material tab of the Properties window, click the New button
3. In the Node Editor, click in the Diffuse window to give it focus
4. Press X to delete it
5. On the menu bar of the Node Editor, click Add -> Shader -> Mix Shader
6. Position the mouse on the left side of the Material Output window and click
7. From the Mix Shader window, drag the green button on the right border of the window and drop it on the green Surface button of the Material Output window
8. Position the mouse in the Node Editor.
   Press Shift + A -> Shader -> Diffuse BSDF
9. Position the mouse on the top-left side of the Mix Shader window and click
10. Drag the green button from the Diffuse BSDF window and drop it on the top green Shader button on the left side of the Mix Shader window
11. In the Diffuse BSDF window, click the Color button and click RGB
12. Set the RGB values as follows:

    R: .562
    G: .372
    B: .191

13. Position the mouse in the Node Editor.
    Press Shift + A -> Shader -> Glossy BSDF
14. Position the mouse below the Diffuse BSDF window and click
15. Drag the green button from the Glossy BSDF window and drop it on the bottom green Shader button on the left side of the Mix Shader window
16. In the Glossy BSDF window, click the Color button
17. Set the RGB values as follows:

    R: .800
    G: .7
    B: .34

18. Still in the Glossy BSDF window, click the Roughness number to select it
19. Type .125 and press Enter:

    

20. Position the mouse on the work area and, in the Numeric Pad, press 0 to display the camera view
21. Press N to display the Properties Region
22. In the Properties Region, click Lock Camera to View to put a check box on it
23. Use the mouse and keyboard to display the view any way you want (for this example, I used the Restrict Viewport Visibility and the Restrict Rendering buttons of each ice cube to hide them). Here is an example:

    

24. In the Properties Region, click Lock Camera to View to remove the check box
25. On the top menu, click Render and click Render Image:

    

26. On the menu bar of the UV/Image Editor, click View and click Save As Image
27. Set the file name as Picnic Table1 and click Save As Image
28. To return to the modeling scene, press Esc

Practical Learning: Materializing a Champaign Bucket

1. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Rendering button (the camera) on the right side of Champaign Bucket to make it available for rendering
2. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Viewport Visibility button on the right side of Champaign Bucket to display it
3. In the Outliner, click Champaign Bucket to select it
4. In the Properties window, click the New button
5. In the Properties window, click Diffuse BSDF
6. In the menu that appears, click Mix Shader
7. On the menu bar of the Node Editor, click Add -> Shader -> Anisotropic BSDF
8. Position the mouse on the top-left of the Mix Shader and click
9. Drag the green button from Anisotropic BSDF and drop it on the top Shader button of the Mix Shader window
10. On the menu bar of the Node Editor, click Add -> Shader -> Glossy BSDF
11. Position the mouse below the Anisotropic BSDF window and click
12. Drag the green button from Glossy BSDF and drop it on the bottom Shader button of the Mix Shader window
13. In the Mix Shader window, click the value of Fac to select it
14. Type .75 and press Enter
15. Click the Roughness value in the Anisotropic BSDF window to select it
16. Type .025 and press Enter
17. In the same way, in the Glossy BSDF window, set the Roughness value to .1:

    

18. Position the mouse on the work area and, in the Numeric Pad, press 0 to display the camera view
19. Press N to display the Properties Region
20. In the Properties Region, click Lock Camera to View to put a check box on it
21. Use the mouse and keyboard to display the view any way you want (for this example, I used the Restrict Viewport Visibility and the Restrict Rendering buttons of each ice cube to hide them). Here is an example:

    

22. In the Properties Region, click Lock Camera to View to remove the check box
23. On the top menu, click Render and click Render Image:

    

24. On the menu bar of the UV/Image Editor, click View and click Save As Image
25. Set the file name as Champaign Bucket and click Save As Image
26. To return to the modeling scene, press Esc

Using an Input When Mixing Materials

You are probably familiar with techniques of adding values to materials in Blender. These techniques can involve such items as colors or roughness. Other techniques involve such items as textures. The techniques used to add a value that includes an input such as a value or a texture can also be used when mixing some materials.

Practical Learning: Materializing a Bottle of Red Wine

1. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Viewport Visibility button on the right side of Bottle of Red Wine to display it
2. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Rendering button on the right side of Bottle of Red Wine
3. In the Outliner, click Bottle of Red Wine to select it
4. On the toolbar of the Node Editor, click the New button
5. In the Properties window, click Diffuse BSDF
6. In the menu that appears, click Mix Shader

   

   Notice that, in the Node Editor, the Diffuse BSDF window has been replaced by the Mix Shader window
7. In the Properties window, click the top None button (of the top Shader) and click Glass BSDF:

   

8. In the Properties window, click the bottom None and select Diffuse BSDF
9. On the menu bar of the Node Editor, click Add -> Input -> Value
10. Click the left side of the Glass BSDF window to position the Value window
11. Drag the gray Value button from the Value window and drop it on the gray Roughness value of the Glass BSDF window
12. In the Value window, click the Value value to select it
13. Type .005 and press Enter
14. Position the mouse in the Node Editor and press Shift + A -> Input -> RGB
15. Click the left side of the Diffuse BSDF to position the new window
16. In the RGB window, click the horizontal bar below the color wheel and set the color as follows:

    R: .395
    G: .225
    B: .185

17. Drag the yellow Color button from the RGB window to the yellow button from the Diffuse BSDF window:

    

18. Position the mouse on the work area and, in the Numeric Pad, press 0 to display the camera view
19. Press N to display the Properties Region
20. In the Properties Region, click Lock Camera to View to put a check box on it
21. Use the mouse and keyboard to display the view any way you want. Here is an example:

    

22. In the Properties Region, click Lock Camera to View to remove the check box
23. In the Node Editor, in the Mix Shader window set the value of the Fac to .005
24. On the top menu, click Render and click Render Image:

    

25. On the menu bar of the UV/Image Editor, click View and click Save As Image
26. Set the file name as Empty Bottle1 and click Save As Image
27. To return to the modeling scene, press Esc
28. In the Node Editor, in the Mix Shader window set the value of the Fac to .225
29. On the top menu, click Render and click Render Image:

    

30. On the menu bar of the UV/Image Editor, click View and click Save As Image
31. Set the file name as Empty Bottle2 and click Save As Image
32. To return to the modeling scene, press Esc

Practical Learning: Materializing an Empty Bottle

1. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Viewport Visibility button on the right side of Chantilly to display it
2. In the Outliner, click the Restricted Rendering button on the right side of Chantilly
3. In the Outliner, click Chantilly bottle to select it
4. In the Material tab of the Properties window, click the New button
5. In the Node Editor, click Diffuse BSDF to select its window
6. Press X to delete the window
7. In the Material tab of the Properties window, on the right side of Surface, click None
8. On the menu that appears, click Mix Shader.
   Notice that, in the Node Editor, a Mix Shader window has been added and attached to the Material Output window
9. On the menu bar of the Node Editor, click Add -> Shader -> Glass BSDF
10. Position the mouse on the top-left side of the Mix Shader window and click
11. On the menu bar of the Node Editor, click Add -> Input -> RGB
12. Position the mouse on the left side of the Glass BSDF window and click
13. In the RGB window, click the horizontal bar below the color wheel and set the RGB value as follows:

    R: .675
    G: 1
    B: .515

14. Drag the yellow button from the RGB window and drop it on the yellow button of the Glass BSDF window
15. Drag the green button from the Glass BSDF window and drop it on the top green Shader button of the Mix Shader window
16. In the Material section of the Properties window, click the bottom None button and, in the menu that appears, click Diffuse BSDF.
    In the Node Editor, notice that a Diffuse BSDF window has been added and it got attached to the second Shader button of the Mix Shader window
17. On the menu bar of the Node Editor, click Add -> Input -> Value
18. Position the mouse on the left side of the Diffuse BSDF window and click
19. In the Value window, click the value to select it
20. Type .25 and press Enter
21. In the Node Editor, drag the gray button from the Value window and drop it on the gray button (Roughness) of the Diffuse BSDF window

    

22. Position the mouse on the work area and, in the Numeric Pad, press 0 to display the camera view
23. Press N to display the Properties Region
24. In the Properties Region, click Lock Camera to View to put a check box on it
25. Use the mouse and keyboard to display the view any way you want. Here is an example:

    

26. In the Properties Region, click Lock Camera to View to remove the check box
27. On the top menu, click Render and click Render Image:

    

28. On the menu bar of the UV/Image Editor, click View and click Save As Image
29. Set the file name as Empty Bottle1 and click Save As Image
30. To return to the modeling scene, press Esc
31. In the Node Editor, in the Mix Shader window set the value of the Fac to .015
32. On the top menu, click Render and click Render Image:

    

33. On the menu bar of the UV/Image Editor, click View and click Save As Image
34. Set the file name as Empty Bottle2 and click Save As Image
35. To return to the modeling scene, press Esc

Practical Learning: Materializing a Bottle of White Wine

1. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Rendering button on the right side of Bottle of White Wine to display it
2. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Viewport Visibility button on the right side of Bottle of White Wine to display it
3. In the Outliner, click Bottle of White Wine to select it
4. In the Properties window, click the New button
5. In the Node Editor, right-click any section in the Diffuse BSDF window to give it focus
6. Press Delete to remove it
7. Position the mouse in the Node Editor and press Shift + A -> Shader -> Mix Shader
8. Click on the left side of the Material Output window to position the new window
9. On the menu bar of the Node Editor, click Add -> Input -> Value
10. Position the mouse on the top-left of the Mix Shader and click
11. Drag the button from the Value window and drop it on the gray Fac button of the Mix Shader window
12. On the menu bar of the Node Editor, click Add -> Shader -> Glass BSDF
13. Position the mouse on the left of the Mix Shader and below the Value window, then click
14. Drag the green button from Glass BSDF and drop it on the top Shader button of the Mix Shader window
15. Position the mouse inside the Node Editor and press Shift + A -> Input -> Value
16. Position the mouse on the left side of the Glass BSDF window and click
17. Drag the button from the new Value window and drop it on the gray Roughness button of the Glass BSDF window
18. On the menu bar of the Node Editor, click Add -> Shader -> Diffuse BSDF
19. Position the mouse below the Glass BSDF window and click
20. Drag the green button from the Diffuse BSDF window and drop it on the bottom Shader button of the Mix Shader window
21. On the menu bar of the Node Editor, click Add -> Input -> RGB
22. Position the mouse on the top-left side of the Diffuse BSDF window and click
23. Drag the yellow button from the RGB window and drop it on the yellow button of the Diffuse BSDF window
24. In the Node Editor, click one of the Value windows to select it
25. Press Shift + D to copy
26. Position the mouse below the RGB window and to the left side of the Diffuse BSDF window, then click
27. Drag the button from the new Value window and drop it on the gray Roughness button of the Diffuse BSDF window
28. Click the value on the left of the Glass BSDF window to select it
29. Type .005 and press Enter
30. On the left side of the Diffuse BSDF window, click the horizontal bar below the Color wheel and set the color as follows:

    R: .875
    G: .905
    B: .545

31. On the left side of the Diffuse BSDF window, click the value in the Value window to select it
32. Type .1 and press Enter
33. From the Mix Shader window, drag the green Shader button and drop it on the green Surface button of the Material Output window

    

34. Position the mouse on the work area and, in the Numeric Pad, press 0 to display the camera view
35. Press N to display the Properties Region
36. In the Properties Region, click Lock Camera to View to put a check box on it
37. Use the mouse and keyboard to display the view any way you want. Here is an example:

    

38. In the Properties Region, click Lock Camera to View to remove the check box
39. On the top menu, click Render and click Render Image:

    

40. On the menu bar of the UV/Image Editor, click View and click Save As Image
41. Set the file name as Empty Bottles1 and click Save As Image
42. To return to the modeling scene, press Esc
43. On the left side of the Diffuse BSDF window, click the horizontal bar below the Color wheel and set the color as follows:

    R: 1
    G: 1
    B: 0

44. In the Node Editor, click the value of the top Value window (connected to the Fac button of the Mix Shader) to select it
45. Type .205 and pres Enter
46. On the top menu, click Render and click Render Image:

    

47. On the menu bar of the UV/Image Editor, click View and click Save As Image
48. Set the file name as Empty Bottles2 and click Save As Image
49. To return to the modeling scene, press Esc

Mixing Combinations of Materials

To combine materials in Blender, you can use the Mix Shader feature. With this technique, you can combine two materials using the Mix Shader window that is equipped with two input buttons. In reality, any of the input buttons can receive its own Mix Shader. This feature provides tremendous options in creating materials.

Practical Learning: Materializing the Ice Bucket

1. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Viewport Visibility button on the right side of Ice Bucket to display it
2. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Rendering button on the right side of Ice Bucket to display it
3. In the Outliner, click Ice Bucket to select it
4. In the Properties window, click the New button
5. In the Node Editor, right-click anywhere in the Diffuse widow to select it
6. Press X to delete it
7. On the menu bar of the Node Editor, click Add -> Shader -> Mix Shader
8. Click on the left side of the Material Output window to position the window
9. Drag the right green button from the Mix Shader window and drop it on the Surface button
10. On the menu bar of the Node Editor, click Add -> Shader -> Glass BSDF
11. Position the mouse on the top-left side of the Mix Shader window and click
12. Drag the green button from the Glass BSDF window to the top green Shader button of the Mix Shader window
13. Position the mouse in the Node Editor and press Shift + A -> Shader -> Mix Shader
14. Position the mouse below the Glass BSDF window and click
15. Drag the right green button from the left Mix Shader window and drop it on the bottom green Shader button of the right-side Mix Shader window
16. On the menu bar of the Node Editor, click Add -> Shader -> Anisotropic BSDF
17. Click on the top-left side of the left Mix Shader window to position the window
18. Drag the green button from the Anisotropic BSDF window and drop it on the top green Shader button of the left Mix Shader window
19. On the menu bar of the Node Editor, click Add -> Shader -> Diffuse BSDF
20. Position the mouse below the Anisotropic BSDF window and click
21. Drag the green button from the Diffuse BSDF window and drop it on the bottom green Shader button of the left Mix Shader window
22. On the menu bar of the Node Editor, click Add -> Input -> Value
23. Position the mouse above the Anisotropic BSDF window and click
24. Drag the gray button from the Value window and drop it on the gray button of the left Mix Shader window
25. In the Value window, click the value to select it
26. Type .125 and press Enter
27. On the menu bar of the Node Editor, click Add -> Input -> Value
28. Position the mouse on the left side of the Anisotropic BSDF window and click
29. In the new Value window, click the value to select it
30. Type .075 and press Enter
31. Drag the gray button from the left Value window and drop it on the gray Roughness button of Anisotropic BSDF

    

32. Position the mouse on the work area and, in the Numeric Pad, press 0 to display the camera view
33. Press N to display the Properties Region
34. In the Properties Region, click Lock Camera to View to put a check box on it
35. Use the mouse and keyboard to display the view any way you want. Here is an example:

    

36. In the Properties Region, click Lock Camera to View to remove the check box
37. On the top menu, click Render and click Render Image:

    

38. On the menu bar of the UV/Image Editor, click View and click Save As Image
39. Set the file name as Ice Vase1 and click Save As Image
40. To return to the modeling scene, press Esc
41. In the Node Editor, in the right Mix Shader window set the value of the Fac to .085
42. On the top menu, click Render and click Render Image:

    

43. On the menu bar of the UV/Image Editor, click View and click Save As Image
44. Set the file name as Ice Vase2 and click Save As Image
45. To return to the modeling scene, press Esc
46. Position the mouse in the small triangle in the top-right corner of the 3D View until the cursor becomes a +
47. Click and drag up until a gray arrow appears in the Node Editor
48. Release the mouse to close the Node Editor
49. In the Properties window, click the Material button

Completing the Materials

If you don't see some dramatic effect, you don't have to combine materials. You can use the simple classic technique that consists of selecting an object and simply applying a material to it.

Practical Learning: Materializing the Horizon

1. In the work area, right-click the large plane (alternatively, in the Outliner, click Horizon) to select it
2. In the Properties window, click the New button
3. Still in the Properties window, click the white button on the right side of Color
4. Set the color values as follows:

   R: 0
   G: .205
   B: 0

Practical Learning: Materializing the Eatery Border

1. In the Outliner, click Eatery Border - Front to select it
2. In the Properties window, click the New button
3. Double-click Material.007 to select the name
4. Type Brown Wood and press Enter
5. Click the white Color button and set the color as follows:

   R: .205
   G: .095
   B: .025

6. In the Outliner, click Eatery Border - Left to select it
7. Click the button on the left side of New and select Brown Wood

Practical Learning: Materializing the Eating Area

1. Save the following picture to your hard drive:

   

2. In the work area, right-click the plane inside the wood border to select it (if you are having difficulties selecting it, in the Outliner, click Eatery Area)
3. In the top toolbar, click the button on the left side of Default and click Compositing
4. In the Properties window, click the New button
5. In the Properties window, click the dark-gray button on the right-click of Color and click Image Texture
6. In the Properties window, click the Open button
7. Select the pieces.png picture and click Open Image
8. Position the mouse in the 3D View (in the bottom-right window titled Camera Persp) and press Tab to work in Edit Mode
9. Position the mouse in the 3D View in the lower-right window and press U
10. In the menu that appears, click Unwrap
11. On the toolbar of the UV/Image Editor in the bottom-left side, click the Browse button and click pieces.png
12. Position the mouse in the 3D View in the lower-right window and press Tab to exit Edit Mode
13. In the top menu bar, click the button on the left of Compositing and click Default

    

Practical Learning: Materializing the Legs of the Table

1. In the Outliner, click Table Leg to select it
2. In the Properties window, click the New button
3. Click the Color button and set the color values as follows:

   R: .105
   G: .015
   B: .005

   

Practical Learning: Materializing the Ice Cubes

1. Right-click one of the ice cubes in the work area

2. In the Material section of the Properties window, click New
3. In the Material section of the Properties window, click Diffuse BSDF and click Glass BSDF
4. In the Properties window, click the Roughness value to select it
5. Type .115 and press Enter
6. Position the mouse on the work area and, in the Numeric Pad, press 0 to display the camera view
7. Press N to display the Properties Region
8. In the Properties Region, click Lock Camera to View to put a check box on it
9. Use the mouse and keyboard to put the ice cubes and the ice vase in the center. Here is an example:

   

10. In the Properties Region, click Lock Camera to View to remove the check box
11. On the top menu, click Render and click Render Image:

    

12. On the menu bar of the UV/Image Editor, click View and click Save As Image
13. Set the file name as Ice Cubes1 and click Save As Image
14. To return to the modeling scene, press Esc
15. On the menu bar of the Timeline, click the right Play Animation button
16. After viewing the animation, press Esc
17. In the Properties window, click the Render button
18. In the Output section, click the Open button
19. Click on the right side of the directory (you may have to click twice)
20. Type Ice Cubes and press Enter
21. On the message box that displays, click Create New Directory
22. Click the Accept button
23. In the Sampling section, in the Samples section, set the Render value to 500
24. In the Render section, click the Animation button

Practical Learning: Materializing the Red Wine

1. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Viewport Visibility button on the right side of Red Wine
2. In the Outliner, click Bottle of Red Wine to select it
3. In the Material tab of the Properties window, click Mix Shader
4. In the menu that appears, click Glass BSDF
5. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Viewport Visibility button on the right side of Red Wine to display it
6. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Rendering button on the right side of Red Wine to display it
7. In the Outliner, click Red Wine to select it
8. In the Properties window, click the New button
9. Still in the Properties window, click Diffuse BSDF
10. Click the Color button and click RGB
11. Set the color value as follows:

    R: .075
    G: 005
    B: 005

12. Click the Roughness value, type .85 and press Enter
13. In the Outliner, click Ice Bucket to select it

Practical Learning: Materializing a Bottle Cap

1. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Rendering button of Bottle Cap
2. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Viewport Visibility button on the right side of Bottle Cap to display it
3. Click Bottle Cap to select it
4. In the Properties window, click the New button
5. In the Properties window, click the Color button
6. Set color as follows:

   R: .065
   G: .065
   B: .065

7. Position the mouse on the work area and, in the Numeric Pad, press 0 to display the camera view
8. Press N to display the Properties Region
9. In the Properties Region, click Lock Camera to View to put a check box on it
10. Use the mouse and keyboard to put the ice cubes and the ice vase in the center. Here is an example:

    

11. In the Properties Region, click Lock Camera to View to remove the check box
12. On the top menu, click Render and click Render Image:

    

13. On the menu bar of the UV/Image Editor, click View and click Save As Image
14. Set the file name as Bottle of Red Wine and click Save As Image
15. To return to the modeling scene, press Esc

Practical Learning: Materializing the White Wine

1. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Viewport Visibility button on the right side of White Wine to display it
2. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Rendering button on the right side of White Wine
3. In the Outliner, click Bottle of White Wine to select it
4. In the Properties window, click Mix Shader
5. In the menu that appears, click Glass BSDF
6. Still in the Properties window, click the white Color button and click RGB
7. Set the color as follows:

   R: 1
   G: .985
   B: .795

8. In the Outliner, click White Wine to select it
9. In the Properties window, click the New button
10. Still in the Properties window, click Diffuse BSDF
11. In the menu that appears, click Glass BSDF
12. Click the Color button and click RGB
13. Set the color value as follows:

    R: 1
    G: .855
    B: .095

14. Click the Roughness value, type .425 and press Enter
15. On the top menu, click Render and click Render Image:

    

16. On the menu bar of the UV/Image Editor, click View and click Save As Image
17. Set the file name as Bottle of White Wine and click Save As Image
18. To return to the modeling scene, press Esc

Practical Learning: Materializing an Empty Glass

1. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Rendering button on the right side of Empty Glass
2. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Viewport Visibility button on the right side of Empty Glass to display it
3. In the Outliner, click Empty Glass to select it
4. In the Material section of the Properties window, click the New button
5. Click the Preview button to expand it
6. Click Diffuse BSDF
7. In the menu that appears, click Glass BSDF:

   

Practical Learning: Materializing the Classic Cup

1. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Rendering button on the right side of Classic Cup
2. In the Outliner, click the Restrict Viewport Visibility button on the right side of Classic Cupto display it
3. In the Outliner, click Classic Cup to select it
4. In the Material section of the Properties window, click the New button
5. Click the Preview button to expand it
6. Click Diffuse BSDF
7. In the menu that appears, click Glass BSDF
8. In the Numeric Pad, press 0 to display the camera view
9. Press N to display the Properties Region
10. In the Properties Region, click the Lock Camera to View check box
11. Use the mouse to center the picnic table and the other objects. Here is an example:

    

12. In the Properties window, click the Render button
13. In the Render section, click the Render button:

    

14. On the menu bar of the UV/Image Editor, click View and click Save As Image
15. Set the file name as Picnic Scene and click Save As Image
16. To return to the modeling scene, press Esc
17. In the Timeline, set the End to 350
18. Use the mouse to zoom on, and center one, the ice vase and its ice cubes to have the objects somewhere in the front. Here is an example:

    

19. In the Outliner, click Camera to select it
20. Position the mouse in the work area, press I
21. In the menu that appears, click LocRot
22. In the Timeline, click the 50th frame
23. Zoom in the ice vase. Here is an example:

    

24. Position the mouse in the work area, press I, and click LocRot
25. In the Timeline, click the 70th frame
26. Zoom slightly away from the ice vase and turn slightly to the left. Here is an example:

    

27. Press I and click LocRot
28. In the Timeline, click the 100th frame
29. Again, zoom slightly away from the ice vase and turn slightly to the left. Here is an example:

    

30. Press I and click LocRot
31. In the Timeline, click the 150th frame
32. Zoom away to the left to have a left-side view of the ice vase, the champaign bucket, the bottles, and the classes. Here is an example:

    

33. Press I and click LocRot
34. In the Timeline, click the 180th frame
35. Move to the left to the right to get on the back-right view. Here is an example:

    

36. Press I and click LocRot
37. In the Timeline, click the 220th frame
38. Move to the back of the bottles. Here is an example:

    

39. Press I and click LocRot
40. In the Timeline, click the 250th frame
41. Move to the back-left of the bottles. Here is an example:

    

42. Press I and click LocRot
43. In the Timeline, click the 280th frame
44. Move to the front-right side of the cups. Here is an example:

    

45. Press I and click LocRot
46. In the Timeline, click the 350th frame
47. Zoom away as much as possible. Here is an example:

    

48. Press I and click LocRot
49. In the Timeline, click the first frame
50. In the Properties Region, click the Lock Camera to View check box
51. Press N to close the Properties region
52. In the Properties window, click the Render button
53. In the Output section, click the Open button
54. In the top text box, replace Ice Cubes with Picnic Scene and press Enter
55. On the message box that displays, click Create New Directory
56. Click the Accept button
57. In the Sampling section, in the Samples section, set the Render value to 500
58. In the Render section, click the Animation button
59. Type Picnic Scene and press Enter
60. On the message box that displays, click Create New Directory
61. Click the Accept button
62. In the Sampling section, in the Samples section, set the Render value to 500
63. In the Render section, click the Animation button
64. In the Outliner, click White Wine Bottle to select it