Files Operations

As opposed to creating a file, probably the second most regular operation performed on a file consists of opening it to read or explore its contents. To support opening a file, the FileInfo class is equipped with the Open() method that is overloaded with three versions.

If you have a text-based file and want to directly read from it, you can use the StreamReader class that is equipped with the Read() and the ReadLine() methods. As done for the StreamWriter class, after using a StreamReader object, make sure you close it.

If you have an existing file you don't need anymore, you can delete it. This operation can be performed by calling the FileInfo::Delete() method. Its syntax is:

public:
    virtual void Delete() override;

Here is an example:

FileInfo ^ fleMembers = gcnew FileInfo(L"First.txt");
fleMembers->Delete();

You can make a copy of a file from one directory to another. To do this, you can call the FileInfo::CopyTo() method that is overloaded with two versions. The first version has the following syntax:

public:
    FileInfo ^ CopyTo(String ^ destFileName);

When calling this method, specify the path or directory that will be the destination of the copied file. Here is an example:

FileInfo ^ fleMembers = gcnew FileInfo(L"Reality.txt");
String ^ strMyDocuments =
    Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment::SpecialFolder::Personal);
fleMembers->CopyTo(String.Concat(strMyDocuments, "\\Federal.txt"));

In this example, a file named Reality.txt in the directory of the project would be retrieved and its content would be applied to a new file named Federal.txt created in the My Documents folder of the current user.

When calling the first version of the FileInfo::CopyTo() method, if the file exists already, the operation would not continue and you would simply receive a message box. If you insist, you can overwrite the target file. To do this, you can use the second version of this method. Its syntax is:

public:
    FileInfo ^ CopyTo(String ^destFileName, bool overwrite);

The first argument is the same as that of the first version of the method. The second argument specifies what action to take if the file exists already in the target directory. If you want to overwrite it, pass the argument as true; otherwise, pass it as false.

If you copy a file from one directory to another, you would have two copies of the same file or the same contents in two files. Instead of copying, if you want, you can simply move the file from one directory to another. This operation can be performed by calling the FileInfo::MoveTo() method. Its syntax is:

public:
    void MoveTo(String ^destFileName);

The argument to this method is the same as that of the CopyTo() method. After executing this method, the FileInfo object would be moved to the destFileName path.

Here is an example:

FileInfo ^ fleMembers = gcnew FileInfo(L"pop.txt");
String ^ strMyDocuments = Environment::GetFolderPath(Environment::SpecialFolder::Personal);
fleMembers->CopyTo(String::Concat(strMyDocuments, "\\pop.txt"));

To keep track of it, after a file has been created, the operating system makes a note of the date and the time the file was created. This information can be valuable in other operations such as search routines. You too are allowed to change this date and time values to those you prefer.

As mentioned already, the OS makes sure to keep track of the date and time a file was created. To find out what those date and time values are, you can access the get accessor of the FileSystemInfo::CreationTime property. This would be done as follows:

DateTime dteCreationTime = fleLoan->CreationTime;
Console::WriteLine(L"Date and Time Created: " + dteCreationTime.ToString());

Of course, by entering the appropriate format in the parentheses of the ToString() method, you can get only either the date or only the time.

If you don't like the date, the time, or both, that the OS would have set when the file was created, you can change them. To change one or both of these values, you can assign a desired DateTime object to the set accessory of the FileSystemInfo::CreationTime property.

Many applications allow a user to open an existing file and to modify it. When people work in a team or when a particular file is regularly opened, at one particular time, you may want to know the date and time that the file was last accessed. To get this information, you can access the FileSystemInfo::LastAccessTime property.

If you are interested to know the last date and time a file was modified, you can get the value of its FileSystemInfo.LastWriteTime property.

The operating system requires that each file have a name. In fact, the name must be specified when creating a file. This allows the OS to catalogue the computer files. This also allows you to locate or identify a particular file you need.

When reviewing or opening a file, to get its name, the FileInfo class is equipped with the Name property. Here is an example:

Console::WriteLine(L"The name of this file is: \"" + fleLoan->Name + "\"");

This string simply identifies a file.

With the advent of Windows 95 and later, the user doesn't have to specify the extension of a file when creating it. Because of the type of confusion that this can lead to, most applications assist the user with this detail. Some applications allow the user to choose among various extensions. For example, using Notepad, a user can open a text, a PHP, a script, or an HTML file.

When you access a file or when the user opens one, to know the extension of the file, you can access the value of the FileSystemInfo::Extension property. Here is an example:

Console::WriteLine(L"File Extension: " + fleLoan->Extension);

One of the routine operations the operating system performs consists of calculating the size of files it holds. This information is provided in terms of bits, kilobits, or kilobytes. To get the size of a file, the FileInfo class is quipped with the Length property. Here is an example of accessing it:

Console::WriteLine(L"File Size: " + fleLoan::Length.ToString());

Besides the name of the file, it must be located somewhere. The location of a file is referred to as its path or directory. The FileInfo class represents this path as the DirectoryName property. Therefore, if a file has already been created, to get its path, you can access the value of the FileInfo::DirectoryName property.

Besides the FileInfo::Directoryname, to know the full path to a file, you can access its FileSystemInfo::FullName property.

Attributes are characteristics that apply to a file, defining what can be done or must be disallowed on it. The Attributes are primarily defined by, and in, the operating system, mostly when a file is created. When the user accesses or opens a file, to get its attributes, you can access the value of its FileSystemInfo::Attributes property. This property produces a FileAttributes object.

When you create or access a file, you can specify or change some of the attributes. To do this, you can a FileAttributes object and assign it to the FileSystemInfo.Attributes property.

FileAttributes is an enumerator with the following members: Archive, Compressed, Device, Directory, Encrypted, Hidden, Normal, NotContentIndexed, Offline, ReadOnly, ReparsePoint, SparseFile, System, and Temporary.

A directory is a section of a medium used to delimit a group of files. Because it is a "physical" area, it can handle operations not available on files. In fact, there are many fundamental differences between both:

• A file is used to contain data. A directory doesn't contain data
• A directory can contain one or more files and not vice-versa
• A directory can contain other directories
• A file can be moved from one directory to another. This operation is not possible vice-versa since a file cannot contain a directory

The similarities of both types are:

• A directory or a file can be created. One of the restrictions is that two files cannot have the same name inside of the same directory. Two directories cannot have the same name inside of the same parent directory.
• A directory or a file can be renamed. If a directory is renamed, the "path" of its file(s) changes
• A directory or a file can be deleted. If a directory is deleted, its files are deleted also
• A directory or a file can be moved. If a directory moves, it "carries" all of its files to the new location
• A directory or a file can be copied. A file can be copied from one directory to another. If a directory is copied to a new location, all of its files are also copied to the new location

1. Start Microsoft Visual C++ and create a CLR Console Application named GeorgetownCleaningServices6
2. To create a new class, in the Solution Explorer, right-click GeorgetownCleaningServices6 -> Add -> Class...
3. In the Templates list, click C++ Class and click Add
4. Set the Name to CCustomer and click Finish
5. Change the header file as follows:
    

   #pragma once using namespace System; public ref class CCustomer { public: String ^ Name; String ^ PhoneNumber; CCustomer(void); };

6. To create a new class, on the main menu, click Project -> Add Class...
7. In the Templates list, click C++ Class and click Add
8. Set the Name to CCleaningOrderDetails and press Enter
9. Change the header file as follows:
    

   #pragma once using namespace System; public ref class CCleaningOrderDetails sealed { public: // The date the cleaning items were deposited DateTime OrderDate; DateTime OrderTime; // Numbers to represent cleaning items int NumberOfShirts; int NumberOfPants; int NumberOtherItems; // Price of items double PriceOneShirt; double PriceAPairOfPants; double PriceOtherItems; double TaxRate; // Each of these sub totals will be used for cleaning items double SubTotalShirts; double SubTotalPants; double SubTotalOtherItems; // Values used to process an order double TotalOrder; double TaxAmount; double SalesTotal; CCleaningOrderDetails(void); };

10. Access the CleaningOrderDetails.cpp source file and change the constructor as follows:
     

    #include "StdAfx.h" #include "CleaningOrderDetails.h" CCleaningOrderDetails::CCleaningOrderDetails(void) { PriceOneShirt = 0.95; PriceAPairOfPants = 2.95; PriceOtherItems = 4.55; TaxRate = 0.0575; // 5.75% }

11. Save all

Before using a directory, you must first have it. You can use an existing directory if the operating system or someone else had already created one. You can also create a new directory. Directories are created and managed by various classes but the fundamental class is Directory. Directory is an abstract and sealed class. All of its methods are static, which means you will never need to declare an instance of the Directory class in order to use it.

Besides the Directory class, additional operations of folders and sub-folders can be performed using the DirectoryInfo class.

To create a directory, you can call the CreateDirectory() method of the Directory class. This method is available in two versions. One of the versions uses the following syntax:

public:
    static DirectoryInfo ^ CreateDirectry(String ^path);

This method takes as argument the (complete) path of the desired directory. Here is an example:

E:\Programs\Business Orders\Customer Information

When this method is called:

1. It first checks the parent drive, in this case E.
   If the drive doesn't exist, because this method cannot create a drive, the compiler would throw a DirectoryNotFoundException exception
2. If the drive (in this case E) exists, the compiler moves to the first directory part of the path; in this case this would be the Programs folder in the E drive.
   If the folder doesn't exist, the compiler would create it. If that first director doesn't exist, this means that the other directory(ies), if any, under the first don't exist. So, the compiler would create it/them
3. If the first directory exists and if there is no other directory under that directory, the compiler would stop and would not do anything further.
4. If the directory exists and there is a sub-directory specified under it, the compiler would check the existence of that directory.
   If the sub-directory exists, the compiler would not do anything further and would stop.
   If the sub-directory doesn't exist, the compiler would create it
5. The compiler would repeat step 4 until the end of the specified path

The Directory::CreateDirectory() method returns a DirectoryInfo object that you can use as you see fit.

Before using or creating a directory, you can first check if it exists. This is because, if a directory already exists in the location where you want to create it, you would be prevented from creating one with the same name. In the same way, if you just decide to directly use a directory that doesn't exist, the operation you want to perform may fail because the directory would not be found.

Before using or creating a directory, to first check whether it exists or not, you can call the Directory::Exists() Boolean method. Its syntax is:

public:
    static bool Exists(String ^path);

This method receives the (complete) path of the directory. If the path exists, the method returns true. If the directory doesn't exist, the method returns false.

To create a directory, you can call the CreateDirectory() method of the Directory class.

One of the most routine operations performed in a directory consists of looking for a file. Both Microsoft Windows operating systems and the user's intuition have different ways of addressing this issue. The .NET Framework also provides its own means of performing this operation, through various techniques. You can start by checking the sub-directories and files inside of a main directory.

To look for files in a directory, the DirectoryInfo class can assist you with its GetFiles() method, which is overloaded with three versions.

1. To create a new class, in the Class View, right-click GeorgetownCleaningOrder6 -> Add -> Class...
2. In the Templates list, click C++ Class and click Add
3. Set the Name to CCleaningDeposit and press Enter
4. Change the header file as follows:
    

   #pragma once #include "Customer.h" #include "CleaningOrderDetails.h" public ref class CCustomerOrder abstract { public: virtual void ProcessOrder() = 0; virtual void ShowReceipt() = 0; }; public ref class CCleaningDeposit abstract : CCustomerOrder { private: CCustomer ^ custInfo; double AmountTended; double Difference; public: CCleaningOrderDetails ^ depot; CCleaningDeposit(void); };

5. In the Class View, right-click CCleaningDeposit -> Add -> Add Function
6. Set the Return Type to CCustomer ^
7. Set the Function Name to IdentifyCustomer and click Finish
8. In the CleaningDeposit.cpp source file, implement the IdentifyCustomer method as follows:
    

   #include "StdAfx.h" #include "CleaningDeposit.h" using namespace System; using namespace System::IO; CCleaningDeposit::CCleaningDeposit(void) { this->custInfo = gcnew CCustomer; this->depot = gcnew CCleaningOrderDetails; } CCustomer ^ CCleaningDeposit::IdentifyCustomer(void) { String ^ strCustomerName; String ^ strTelephoneNumber, ^ strPhoneFormatted; Console::Write(L"Enter Customer Phone Number: "); strTelephoneNumber = Console::ReadLine(); // Remove the spaces, parentheses, if any, and dashes, if any strTelephoneNumber = strTelephoneNumber->Replace(L" ", ""); strTelephoneNumber = strTelephoneNumber->Replace(L"(L", ""); strTelephoneNumber = strTelephoneNumber->Replace(L")", ""); strTelephoneNumber = strTelephoneNumber->Replace(L"-", ""); if( strTelephoneNumber->Length != 10 ) { Console::WriteLine(L"Invalid telphone number: {0} " L"characters instead of 10 digits", strTelephoneNumber->Length); return nullptr; } strPhoneFormatted = String::Concat(L"(L", strTelephoneNumber->Substring(0, 3), L") ", strTelephoneNumber->Substring(3, 3), L"-", strTelephoneNumber->Substring(6, 4)); String ^ strFilename = strTelephoneNumber + L".gcs"; String ^ strPath = L"C:\\Georgetown Cleaning Services\\Customers\\" L"\\" + strFilename; if( File::Exists(strPath) ) { FileStream ^ stmCustomer = File::Open(strPath, FileMode::Open, FileAccess::Read); BinaryReader ^ bnrCustomer = gcnew BinaryReader(stmCustomer); custInfo->Name = bnrCustomer->ReadString(); custInfo->PhoneNumber = bnrCustomer->ReadString(); Console::WriteLine(L"\n=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-"); Console::WriteLine(L"-/- Georgetown Cleaning Services -/-"); Console::WriteLine(L"------------------------------------"); Console::WriteLine(L"Customer Name: {0}", custInfo->Name); Console::WriteLine(L"Phone Number: {0}", custInfo->PhoneNumber); Console::WriteLine(L"------------------------------------\n"); } else // If the customer information was not found in a file { Console::WriteLine(L"It looks like this is the first time you " L"are trusting us with your cleaning order"); Directory::CreateDirectory(L"C:\\Georgetown Cleaning Services\\Customers"); FileStream ^ stmCustomer = File::Create(strPath); BinaryWriter ^ bnwCustomer = gcnew BinaryWriter(stmCustomer); Console::Write(L"Enter Customer Name: "); strCustomerName = Console::ReadLine(); bnwCustomer->Write(strCustomerName); bnwCustomer->Write(strPhoneFormatted); custInfo->Name = strCustomerName; custInfo->PhoneNumber = strTelephoneNumber; } return custInfo; }

9. In the Class View, right-click CCleaningDeposit -> Add -> Add Function
10. Set the Return Type to void
11. Set the Function Name to ProcessOrder and click the Virtual check box
12. Click Finish
13. In the CleaningDeposit.h header file, on the left side of the semi-colon of the ProcessOrder line, type override
14. In the CleaningDeposit.cpp source file, implement the ProcessOrder method as follows:
     

    void CCleaningDeposit::ProcessOrder(void) { Console::WriteLine(L"-/- Georgetown Cleaning Services -/-"); CCustomer ^ client = this->IdentifyCustomer(); try { Console::Write(L"Enter the order date(mm/dd/yyyy): "); this->depot->OrderDate = DateTime::Parse(Console::ReadLine()); } catch(FormatException ^) { Console::WriteLine(L"The value you entered is not a valid date"); } try { Console::Write(L"Enter the order time(hh:mm AM/PM): "); this->depot->OrderTime = DateTime::Parse(Console::ReadLine()); } catch(FormatException ^) { Console::WriteLine(L"The value you entered is not a valid time"); } // Request the quantity of each category of items try { Console::Write(L"Number of Shirts: "); this->depot->NumberOfShirts = int::Parse(Console::ReadLine()); if( this->depot->NumberOfShirts < int::MinValue) throw gcnew OverflowException(L"Negative value not " L"allowed for shirts"); } catch(FormatException ^) { Console::WriteLine(L"The value you typed for the number of " L"shirts is not a valid number"); } try { Console::Write(L"Number of Pants: "); this->depot->NumberOfPants = int::Parse(Console::ReadLine()); } catch(FormatException ^) { Console::WriteLine(L"The value you typed for the number of " L"pair or pants is not a valid number"); } try { Console::Write(L"Number of Other Items: "); this->depot->NumberOtherItems = int::Parse(Console::ReadLine()); } catch(FormatException ^) { Console::WriteLine(L"The value you typed for the number of " L"other items is not a valid number"); } // Perform the necessary calculations this->depot->SubTotalShirts = this->depot->NumberOfShirts * this->depot->PriceOneShirt; this->depot->SubTotalPants = this->depot->NumberOfPants * this->depot->PriceAPairOfPants; this->depot->SubTotalOtherItems = this->depot->NumberOtherItems * this->depot->PriceOtherItems; // Calculate the "temporary" total of the order this->depot->TotalOrder = this->depot->SubTotalShirts + this->depot->SubTotalPants + this->depot->SubTotalOtherItems; // Calculate the tax amount using a constant rate this->depot->TaxAmount = this->depot->TotalOrder * this->depot->TaxRate; // Add the tax amount to the total order this->depot->SalesTotal = this->depot->TotalOrder + this->depot->TaxAmount; // Communicate the total to the user... Console::WriteLine(L"\nThe Total order is: {0:C}", this->depot->SalesTotal); // and request money for the order try { Console::Write(L"Amount Tended? "); AmountTended = double::Parse(Console::ReadLine()); } catch(FormatException ^) { Console::WriteLine(L"You were asked to enter an " L"amount of money but..."); } // Calculate the difference owed to the customer // or that the customer still owes to the store Difference = AmountTended - this->depot->SalesTotal; this->ShowReceipt(); this->Save(); }

15. In the Class View, right-click CCleaningDeposit -> Add -> Add Function
16. Set the Return Type to void
17. Set the Function Name to Save and click Finish
18. In the CleaningDeposit.cpp source file, implement the Save method as follows:
     

    void CCleaningDeposit::Save(void) { String ^ strPhoneNumber = this->custInfo->PhoneNumber; // Remove the spaces, parentheses, and dashes strPhoneNumber = strPhoneNumber->Replace(L" ", ""); strPhoneNumber = strPhoneNumber->Replace(L"(L", ""); strPhoneNumber = strPhoneNumber->Replace(L")", ""); strPhoneNumber = strPhoneNumber->Replace(L"-", ""); String ^ strMonth = depot->OrderDate.Month.ToString(); if( depot->OrderDate.Month < 10 ) strMonth = L"0" + strMonth; String ^ strDay = depot->OrderDate.Day.ToString(); if( depot->OrderDate.Day < 10 ) strDay = L"0" + strDay; String ^ strYear = depot->OrderDate.Year.ToString(); String ^ strFilename = strMonth + strDay + strYear + L".gcs"; String ^ strPath = L"C:\\Georgetown Cleaning Services\\Cleaning Orders\\" L"\\" + strPhoneNumber + L"\\" + strFilename; Directory::CreateDirectory( L"C:\\Georgetown Cleaning Services\\Cleaning Orders\\" + strPhoneNumber); FileStream ^ stmCleaningOrder = File::Create(strPath); BinaryWriter ^ bnwCleaningOrder = gcnew BinaryWriter(stmCleaningOrder); bnwCleaningOrder->Write(this->custInfo->Name); bnwCleaningOrder->Write(this->custInfo->PhoneNumber); bnwCleaningOrder->Write(this->depot->OrderDate.ToString()); bnwCleaningOrder->Write(this->depot->OrderTime.ToString()); bnwCleaningOrder->Write(this->depot->NumberOfShirts.ToString()); bnwCleaningOrder->Write(this->depot->NumberOfPants.ToString()); bnwCleaningOrder->Write(this->depot->NumberOtherItems.ToString()); bnwCleaningOrder->Write(this->depot->PriceOneShirt.ToString()); bnwCleaningOrder->Write(this->depot->PriceAPairOfPants.ToString()); bnwCleaningOrder->Write(this->depot->PriceOtherItems.ToString()); bnwCleaningOrder->Write(this->depot->TaxRate.ToString()); bnwCleaningOrder->Write(this->depot->SubTotalShirts.ToString()); bnwCleaningOrder->Write(this->depot->SubTotalPants.ToString()); bnwCleaningOrder->Write(this->depot->SubTotalOtherItems.ToString()); bnwCleaningOrder->Write(this->depot->TotalOrder.ToString()); bnwCleaningOrder->Write(this->depot->TaxAmount.ToString()); bnwCleaningOrder->Write(this->depot->SalesTotal.ToString()); }

19. To create a new class, in the Solution Explorer, right- click GeorgetownCleaningOrder6 -> Add -> Class...
20. In the Templates list, click C++ Class and click Add
21. Set the Name to CCleaningRetrieval and press Enter
22. Change the CleaningRetrieval.h header file as follows:
     

    #pragma once #include "Customer.h" #include "CleaningOrderDetails.h" using namespace System; using namespace System::IO; ref class CCleaningRetrieval { private: CCustomer ^ custInfo; CCleaningOrderDetails ^ depot; String ^ strPhoneNumber; public: CCleaningRetrieval(void); };

23. Change the CleaningRetrieval.cpp source file as follows:
     

    #include "StdAfx.h" #include "CleaningRetrieval.h" CCleaningRetrieval::CCleaningRetrieval(void) { this->custInfo = gcnew CCustomer; this->depot = gcnew CCleaningOrderDetails; }

24. In the Class View, right-click CCleaningRetrieval -> Add -> Add Function
25. Set the Return Type to void
26. Set the Function Name to Open and click the virtual check box
27. Click Finish
28. In the CleaningRetrieval.cpp source file, implement the Open method as follows:
     

    void CCleaningRetrieval::Open(void) { Console::Write(L"Enter Receipt Number: "); String ^ strFilename = Console::ReadLine(); String ^ strPath = L"C:\\Georgetown Cleaning Services\\Cleaning Orders\\" L"\\" + strFilename + L"\\" + strFilename + ".gcs"; DirectoryInfo ^ di = gcnew DirectoryInfo(L"C:\\Georgetown Cleaning Services\\Cleaning Orders"); array<FileInfo ^> ^ aryFiles = di->GetFiles(L"*", SearchOption::AllDirectories); String ^ strFileFullname = L""; bool found = false; for each(FileInfo ^ fle in aryFiles) { if( fle->Name == (strFilename + L".gcs") ) { found = true; strFileFullname = fle->FullName; } } if( found == true ) { FileStream ^ stmCleaningOrder = File::Open(strFileFullname, FileMode::Open, FileAccess::Read); BinaryReader ^ bnrCleaningOrder = gcnew BinaryReader(stmCleaningOrder); this->custInfo->Name = bnrCleaningOrder->ReadString(); this->custInfo->PhoneNumber = bnrCleaningOrder->ReadString(); this->depot->OrderDate = DateTime::Parse(bnrCleaningOrder->ReadString()); this->depot->OrderTime = DateTime::Parse(bnrCleaningOrder->ReadString()); this->depot->NumberOfShirts = int::Parse(bnrCleaningOrder->ReadString()); this->depot->NumberOfPants = int::Parse(bnrCleaningOrder->ReadString()); this->depot->NumberOtherItems = int::Parse(bnrCleaningOrder->ReadString()); this->depot->PriceOneShirt = double::Parse(bnrCleaningOrder->ReadString()); this->depot->PriceAPairOfPants = double::Parse(bnrCleaningOrder->ReadString()); this->depot->PriceOtherItems = double::Parse(bnrCleaningOrder->ReadString()); this->depot->TaxRate = double::Parse(bnrCleaningOrder->ReadString()); this->depot->SubTotalShirts = double::Parse(bnrCleaningOrder->ReadString()); this->depot->SubTotalPants = double::Parse(bnrCleaningOrder->ReadString()); this->depot->SubTotalOtherItems = double::Parse(bnrCleaningOrder->ReadString()); this->depot->TotalOrder = double::Parse(bnrCleaningOrder->ReadString()); this->depot->TaxAmount = double::Parse(bnrCleaningOrder->ReadString()); this->depot->SalesTotal = double::Parse(bnrCleaningOrder->ReadString()); this->strPhoneNumber = String::Concat(L"(L", this->custInfo->PhoneNumber->Substring(0, 3), L") ", this->custInfo->PhoneNumber->Substring(3, 3), L"-", this->custInfo->PhoneNumber->Substring(6, 4)); this->ShowReceipt(); } else Console::WriteLine(L"No cleaning order of " L"that receipt number was found"); }

29. In the Class View, right-click CCleaningRetrieval -> Add -> Add Function
30. Set the Return Type to void
31. Set the Function Name to ShowReceipt and click Finish
32. In the CleaningRetrieval.cpp source file, implement the ShowReceipt method as follows:
     

    void CCleaningRetrieval::ShowReceipt(void) { Console::WriteLine(); // Display the receipt Console::WriteLine(L"===================================="); Console::WriteLine(L"-/- Georgetown Cleaning Services -/-"); Console::WriteLine(L"===================================="); Console::WriteLine(L"Customer: {0}", this->custInfo->Name); Console::WriteLine(L"Home Phone: {0}", this->custInfo->PhoneNumber); Console::WriteLine(L"Order Date: {0:D}", this->depot->OrderDate); Console::WriteLine(L"Order Time: {0:t}", this->depot->OrderTime); Console::WriteLine(L"------------------------------------"); Console::WriteLine(L"Item Type Qty Unit/Price Sub-Total"); Console::WriteLine(L"------------------------------------"); Console::WriteLine(L"Shirts {0,3} {1,4} {2,6}", this->depot->NumberOfShirts, this->depot->PriceOneShirt, this->depot->SubTotalShirts); Console::WriteLine(L"Pants {0,3} {1,4} {2,6}", this->depot->NumberOfPants, this->depot->PriceAPairOfPants, this->depot->SubTotalPants); Console::WriteLine(L"Other Items {0,3} {1,4} {2,6}", this->depot->NumberOtherItems, this->depot->PriceOtherItems, this->depot->SubTotalOtherItems); Console::WriteLine(L"------------------------------------"); Console::WriteLine(L"Total Order: {0,6}", this->depot->TotalOrder.ToString(L"C")); Console::WriteLine(L"Tax Rate: {0,6}", this->depot->TaxRate.ToString(L"P")); Console::WriteLine(L"Tax Amount: {0,6}", this->depot->TaxAmount.ToString(L"C")); Console::WriteLine(L"Net Price: {0,6}", this->depot->SalesTotal.ToString(L"C")); Console::WriteLine(L"===================================="); }

33. Access the GeorgetownCleaningServices6.cpp source file and change it as follows:
     

    // GeorgetownCleaningServices6.cpp : main project file. #include "stdafx.h" #include "CleaningDeposit.h" #include "CleaningRetrieval.h" using namespace System; int main(array<System::String ^> ^args) { String ^ answer = L"q"; Console::WriteLine(L"Is this a new order or the customer is " L"retrieving items previously left for cleaning?"); Console::WriteLine(L"0. Quit"); Console::WriteLine(L"1. This is a new order"); Console::WriteLine(L"2. The customer is retrieving an existing order"); Console::Write(L"Your Choice: "); answer = Console::ReadLine(); if( answer == L"1" ) { CCleaningDeposit ^ depotOrder = gcnew CCleaningDeposit; depotOrder->ProcessOrder(); } else if( answer == L"2" ) { CCleaningRetrieval ^ previousOrder = gcnew CCleaningRetrieval; previousOrder->Open(); } Console::WriteLine(); return 0; }

34. Execute the application and test it. Here is an example:
     

    Is this a new order or the customer is retrieving items previously left for cleaning? 0. Quit 1. This is a new order 2. The customer is retrieving an existing order Your Choice: 0 Press any key to continue . . .

35. Close the DOS window
36. Execute the application and create a new order. Here is an example:
     

    Is this a new order or the customer is retrieving items previously left for cleaning? 0. Quit 1. This is a new order 2. The customer is retrieving an existing order Your Choice: 1 -/- Georgetown Cleaning Services -/- Enter Customer Phone Number: 202 103 0443 It looks like this is the first time you are trusting us with your cleaning order Enter Customer Name: Arsene Cranston Enter the order date(mm/dd/yyyy): 11/20/2007 Enter the order time(hh:mm AM/PM): 08:12 AM Number of Shirts: 6 Number of Pants: 4 Number of Other Items: 2 The Total order is: $28.13 Amount Tended? 30 ==================================== -/- Georgetown Cleaning Services -/- ==================================== Customer: Arsene Cranston Home Phone: 2021030443 Order Date: Tuesday, November 20, 2007 Order Time: 8:12 AM ------------------------------------ Item Type Qty Unit/Price Sub-Total ------------------------------------ Shirts 6 0.95 5.70 Pants 4 2.95 11.80 Other Items 2 4.55 9.10 ------------------------------------ Total Order: $26.60 Tax Rate: 5.75 % Tax Amount: $1.53 Net Price: $28.13 ------------------------------------ Amount Tended: $30.00 Difference: $1.87 ==================================== Press any key to continue . . .

37. Remember the date you provided and close the DOS window
38. Execute the application and create a new order. Here is an example:
     

    Is this a new order or the customer is retrieving items previously left for cleaning? 0. Quit 1. This is a new order 2. The customer is retrieving an existing order Your Choice: 1 -/- Georgetown Cleaning Services -/- Enter Customer Phone Number: 301-022-1077 It looks like this is the first time you are trusting us with your cleaning order Enter Customer Name: Helene Craft Enter the order date(mm/dd/yyyy): 11/21/2007 Enter the order time(hh:mm AM/PM): 9:25 Number of Shirts: 3 Number of Pants: 0 Number of Other Items: 5 The Total order is: $27.07 Amount Tended? 40 ==================================== -/- Georgetown Cleaning Services -/- ==================================== Customer: Helene Craft Home Phone: 3010221077 Order Date: Wednesday, November 21, 2007 Order Time: 9:25 AM ------------------------------------ Item Type Qty Unit/Price Sub-Total ------------------------------------ Shirts 3 0.95 2.85 Pants 0 2.95 0.00 Other Items 5 4.55 22.75 ------------------------------------ Total Order: $25.60 Tax Rate: 5.75 % Tax Amount: $1.47 Net Price: $27.07 ------------------------------------ Amount Tended: $40.00 Difference: $12.93 ==================================== Press any key to continue . . .

39. Remember the date you provided and close the DOS window
40. Execute the application and choose to open an existing order. Here is an example:
     

    Is this a new order or the customer is retrieving items previously left for cleaning? 0. Quit 1. This is a new order 2. The customer is retrieving an existing order Your Choice: 2 Enter Receipt Number: 11202006 ==================================== -/- Georgetown Cleaning Services -/- ==================================== Customer: Arsene Cranston Home Phone: 2021030443 Order Date: Monday, November 20, 2006 Order Time: 8:12 AM ------------------------------------ Item Type Qty Unit/Price Sub-Total ------------------------------------ Shirts 6 0.95 5.70 Pants 4 2.95 11.80 Other Items 2 4.55 9.10 ------------------------------------ Total Order: $26.60 Tax Rate: 5.75 % Tax Amount: $1.53 Net Price: $28.13 ==================================== Press any key to continue . . .

41. Close the DOS window