Common Operations on Arrays
Common Operations on Arrays
Routine List-Based Operations on Arrays
Sorting an Array
When accessing the members of an array, you may want them to be arranged in alphabetical, numerical, or chronological order. To assist you with re-arranging the elements in an array, the Array class is equipped with a method named Sort that is overloaded with as many versions as you can possibly need.
To arrange an array, you can call the following version of the Array.Sort() method:
public static void Sort(Array array);
This is a static method that takes as argument the name of the array you want to re-arrange. If your array is a list of primitive values, the sorting operation is automatic. Here is an example:
using System;
public class Exercise
{
public static void Main()
{
double[] numbers = new double[8]
{
7628.937, 6.48, 574.9, 293749.064,
0.70257, 314.905, 80458.01, 28.07
};
Console.WriteLine("Numbers");
Console.WriteLine("Original List");
foreach (var number in numbers)
Console.WriteLine("Number: " + number);
Console.WriteLine("-----------------------");
Array.Sort(numbers);
Console.WriteLine("Sorted List");
foreach (var number in numbers)
Console.WriteLine("Number: " + number);
Console.WriteLine("=================================");
}
}
This would produce:
Numbers Original List Number: 7628.937 Number: 6.48 Number: 574.9 Number: 293749.064 Number: 0.70257 Number: 314.905 Number: 80458.01 Number: 28.07 ----------------------- Sorted List Number: 0.70257 Number: 6.48 Number: 28.07 Number: 314.905 Number: 574.9 Number: 7628.937 Number: 80458.01 Number: 293749.064 ================================= Press any key to continue . . .
Notice that the numbers are arranged in in ascending order. In the same way, if the array is made of strings, you can call the Array.Sort() method to arrange the list in alphabetical order. If the array is made of dates, you can arrange them in chronological order.
If your array is a list of objects, the class that constitutes the array must implement the IComparable interface that we introduced already in Lesson 30.
Practical Learning: Sorting an Array of Objects
namespace CountriesStatistics3
{
public class Region
{
public string Designation { get; set; }
public string Description { get; set; }
}
}namespace CountriesStatistics3
{
interface IAbbreviated
{
string Abbreviation { get; set; }
}
}
namespace CountriesStatistics3
{
interface IGovernmentEntity
{
string Name { get; set; }
int Area { get; }
string Capital { get; set; }
}
}using System;
namespace CountriesStatistics3
{
public class State : IAbbreviated,
IGovernmentEntity,
IComparable
{
// From the IAbbreviated interface
public string Abbreviation { get; set; }
// From the IGovernmentEntity interface
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Area { get; set; }
public string Capital { get; set; }
// New Properties
public string StateName => Name;
public int AreaSqrMiles => Area;
public int AreaSqrKms { get; set; }
public Region Region { get; set; }
public int CompareTo(object stt)
{
if (stt == null)
{
return 0;
}
State other = stt as State;
if (other != null)
return StateName.CompareTo(other.StateName);
return 0;
}
}
}namespace CountriesStatistics2
{
public class Federation : State
{
public string AdmissionUnionDate { get; set; }
public int AdmissionUnionOrder { get; set; }
}
}using System;
namespace CountriesStatistics3
{
public class CountriesStatistics
{
private static void Display(Array entities)
{
Console.Clear();
Console.WriteLine(" Area Admission to Union");
Console.WriteLine(" # Abbrv State Name SqrMls Km2 Date Order Capital Region");
Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
for (int counter = 0; counter <= entities.Length - 1; counter++)
{
Federation stt = (Federation)entities.GetValue(counter);
Console.WriteLine("{0,2} {1,2} {2} {3,6} {4,7} {5,8} {6,5} {7} {8}",
counter + 1, stt.Abbreviation, stt.StateName,
stt.AreaSqrMiles, stt.AreaSqrKms, stt.AdmissionUnionDate,
stt.AdmissionUnionOrder, stt.Capital, stt.Region.Designation);
}
Console.WriteLine("====================================================================================================");
}
public static int Main(string[] args)
{
Array states = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(Federation), 30);
Array regions = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(Region), 9);
regions.SetValue(new Region() { Designation = "East North Central", Description = "The East North Central region includes the states around the Great Lakes." }, 0);
regions.SetValue(new Region() { Designation = "East South Central", Description = "The East South Central portion is one of the regions designated as the South." }, 1);
regions.SetValue(new Region() { Designation = "New England", Description = "New England is the group of states in the North-East region. It is delimited in the North and North-East by Canada, in the East by the Atlantic Ocean, and in the South and West by the New York state." }, 2);
regions.SetValue(new Region() { Designation = "Mid-Atlantic", Description = "Mid-Atlantic is a region situated in the south of New England. Mid-Atlantic is one of the regions defined by the Census bureau for statistical purposes." }, 3);
regions.SetValue(new Region() { Designation = "Mountain", Description = "Like the name suggests, the Mountain region covers states known for their mountaneous characteristics. They are also covered by desertic areas." }, 4);
regions.SetValue(new Region() { Designation = "Pacific", Description = "The Pacific region covers the costal western states plus the two non-continental states of Alaska and the Hawaiian islands. All states in this region have a coast on the Pacific Ocean." }, 5);
regions.SetValue(new Region() { Designation = "South Atlantic", Description = "The South Atlantic region includes the states in the South-East part but also counts the Disctrict of Columbia." }, 6);
regions.SetValue(new Region() { Designation = "West North Central", Description = "The West North Central region includes the states in the Great Planes area. This reqion is divided from the East North Central part by the Mississippi River. This region is characterized by vast agricultural farms and high employment." }, 7);
regions.SetValue(new Region() { Designation = "West South Central", Description = "The West South Central part is one of the regions with (only) four states. The imposing Texas state is both the largest and the most populous state in the region." }, 8);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "RI", Name = "Rhode Island ", Area = 1545, AreaSqrKms = 4002, AdmissionUnionDate = "05/29/1790", AdmissionUnionOrder = 13, Capital = "Providence ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(2)) }, 0);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "OH", Name = "Ohio ", Area = 44828, AreaSqrKms = 116103, AdmissionUnionDate = "03/01/1803", AdmissionUnionOrder = 17, Capital = "Columbus ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(0)) }, 1);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "KY", Name = "Kentucky ", Area = 40411, AreaSqrKms = 104665, AdmissionUnionDate = "06/01/1792", AdmissionUnionOrder = 15, Capital = "Frankfort ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(1)) }, 2);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "IA", Name = "Iowa ", Area = 56276, AreaSqrKms = 145754, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/28/1846", AdmissionUnionOrder = 29, Capital = "Des Moines ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(7)) }, 3);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "WI", Name = "Wisconsin ", Area = 65503, AreaSqrKms = 169653, AdmissionUnionDate = "05/29/1848", AdmissionUnionOrder = 30, Capital = "Madison ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(0)) }, 4);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "VT", Name = "Vermont ", Area = 9615, AreaSqrKms = 24903, AdmissionUnionDate = "03/04/1791", AdmissionUnionOrder = 14, Capital = "Montpelier ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(2)) }, 5);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "ID", Name = "Idaho ", Area = 83574, AreaSqrKms = 216456, AdmissionUnionDate = "07/03/1890", AdmissionUnionOrder = 43, Capital = "Boise ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(4)) }, 6);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "ME", Name = "Maine ", Area = 35387, AreaSqrKms = 91653, AdmissionUnionDate = "03/15/1820", AdmissionUnionOrder = 23, Capital = "Augusta ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(2)) }, 7);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "OR", Name = "Oregon ", Area = 98386, AreaSqrKms = 254819, AdmissionUnionDate = "02/14/1859", AdmissionUnionOrder = 33, Capital = "Salem ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(5)) }, 8);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "ND", Name = "North Dakota ", Area = 70704, AreaSqrKms = 183123, AdmissionUnionDate = "11/02/1889", AdmissionUnionOrder = 39, Capital = "Bismarck ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(7)) }, 9);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "IN", Name = "Indiana ", Area = 36420, AreaSqrKms = 94328, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/11/1816", AdmissionUnionOrder = 19, Capital = "Indianapolis ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(0)) }, 10);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "MS", Name = "Mississippi ", Area = 48434, AreaSqrKms = 125443, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/10/1817", AdmissionUnionOrder = 20, Capital = "Jackson ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(1)) }, 11);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "TX", Name = "Texas ", Area = 268601, AreaSqrKms = 695676, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/29/1845", AdmissionUnionOrder = 28, Capital = "Austin ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(8)) }, 12);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "MT", Name = "Montana ", Area = 147046, AreaSqrKms = 380850, AdmissionUnionDate = "11/08/1889", AdmissionUnionOrder = 41, Capital = "Helena ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(4)) }, 13);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "NC", Name = "North Carolina", Area = 53821, AreaSqrKms = 139397, AdmissionUnionDate = "11/21/1789", AdmissionUnionOrder = 12, Capital = "Raleigh ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(6)) }, 14);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "TN", Name = "Tennessee ", Area = 42146, AreaSqrKms = 109158, AdmissionUnionDate = "06/01/1796", AdmissionUnionOrder = 16, Capital = "Nashville ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(1)) }, 15);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "NE", Name = "Nebraska ", Area = 77358, AreaSqrKms = 200358, AdmissionUnionDate = "03/01/1867", AdmissionUnionOrder = 37, Capital = "Lincoln ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(7)) }, 16);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "IL", Name = "Illinois ", Area = 57918, AreaSqrKms = 150007, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/03/1818", AdmissionUnionOrder = 21, Capital = "Springfield ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(0)) }, 17);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "KS", Name = "Kansas ", Area = 82282, AreaSqrKms = 213110, AdmissionUnionDate = "01/29/1861", AdmissionUnionOrder = 34, Capital = "Topeka ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(7)) }, 18);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "NH", Name = "New Hampshire ", Area = 9351, AreaSqrKms = 24219, AdmissionUnionDate = "06/21/1788", AdmissionUnionOrder = 9, Capital = "Concord ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(2)) }, 19);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "DE", Name = "Delaware ", Area = 2489, AreaSqrKms = 6447, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/07/1787", AdmissionUnionOrder = 1, Capital = "Dover ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(6)) }, 20);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "NJ", Name = "New Jersey ", Area = 8722, AreaSqrKms = 22590, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/18/1787", AdmissionUnionOrder = 3, Capital = "Trenton ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(3)) }, 21);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "AK", Name = "Alaska ", Area = 656424, AreaSqrKms = 1700139, AdmissionUnionDate = "01/03/1959", AdmissionUnionOrder = 49, Capital = "Juneau ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(5)) }, 22);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "NM", Name = "New Mexico ", Area = 121598, AreaSqrKms = 314939, AdmissionUnionDate = "01/06/1912", AdmissionUnionOrder = 47, Capital = "Santa Fe ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(4)) }, 23);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "NY", Name = "New York ", Area = 54475, AreaSqrKms = 141089, AdmissionUnionDate = "07/26/1788", AdmissionUnionOrder = 11, Capital = "Albany ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(3)) }, 24);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "CA", Name = "California ", Area = 163707, AreaSqrKms = 424002, AdmissionUnionDate = "09/09/1850", AdmissionUnionOrder = 31, Capital = "Sacramento ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(5)) }, 25);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "MO", Name = "Missouri ", Area = 69709, AreaSqrKms = 180546, AdmissionUnionDate = "08/10/1821", AdmissionUnionOrder = 24, Capital = "Jefferson City", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(7)) }, 26);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "OK", Name = "Oklahoma ", Area = 69903, AreaSqrKms = 181049, AdmissionUnionDate = "11/16/1907", AdmissionUnionOrder = 46, Capital = "Oklahoma City ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(8)) }, 27);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "PA", Name = "Pennsylvania ", Area = 46058, AreaSqrKms = 119291, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/12/1787", AdmissionUnionOrder = 2, Capital = "Harrisburg ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(3)) }, 28);
states.SetValue(new Federation() { Abbreviation = "SC", Name = "South Carolina", Area = 32007, AreaSqrKms = 82898, AdmissionUnionDate = "05/23/1788", AdmissionUnionOrder = 8, Capital = "Columbia ", Region = (Region)(regions.GetValue(6)) }, 29);
Display(states);
Console.Write("Do you want to sort the list in alphabetical order (y/n)? ");
string answer = Console.ReadLine();
if (answer.ToLower().Equals("y"))
{
Array.Sort(states);
Display(states);
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Good Bye!!!");
Console.WriteLine("====================================================================================================");
}
return 1;
}
}
}Area Admission to Union # Abbrv State Name SqrMls Km2 Date Order Capital Region ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 RI Rhode Island 1545 4002 05/29/1790 13 Providence New England 2 OH Ohio 44828 116103 03/01/1803 17 Columbus East North Central 3 KY Kentucky 40411 104665 06/01/1792 15 Frankfort East South Central 4 IA Iowa 56276 145754 12/28/1846 29 Des Moines West North Central 5 WI Wisconsin 65503 169653 05/29/1848 30 Madison East North Central 6 VT Vermont 9615 24903 03/04/1791 14 Montpelier New England 7 ID Idaho 83574 216456 07/03/1890 43 Boise Mountain 8 ME Maine 35387 91653 03/15/1820 23 Augusta New England 9 OR Oregon 98386 254819 02/14/1859 33 Salem Pacific 10 ND North Dakota 70704 183123 11/02/1889 39 Bismarck West North Central 11 IN Indiana 36420 94328 12/11/1816 19 Indianapolis East North Central 12 MS Mississippi 48434 125443 12/10/1817 20 Jackson East South Central 13 TX Texas 268601 695676 12/29/1845 28 Austin West South Central 14 MT Montana 147046 380850 11/08/1889 41 Helena Mountain 15 NC North Carolina 53821 139397 11/21/1789 12 Raleigh South Atlantic 16 TN Tennessee 42146 109158 06/01/1796 16 Nashville East South Central 17 NE Nebraska 77358 200358 03/01/1867 37 Lincoln West North Central 18 IL Illinois 57918 150007 12/03/1818 21 Springfield East North Central 19 KS Kansas 82282 213110 01/29/1861 34 Topeka West North Central 20 NH New Hampshire 9351 24219 06/21/1788 9 Concord New England 21 DE Delaware 2489 6447 12/07/1787 1 Dover South Atlantic 22 NJ New Jersey 8722 22590 12/18/1787 3 Trenton Mid-Atlantic 23 AK Alaska 656424 1700139 01/03/1959 49 Juneau Pacific 24 NM New Mexico 121598 314939 01/06/1912 47 Santa Fe Mountain 25 NY New York 54475 141089 07/26/1788 11 Albany Mid-Atlantic 26 CA California 163707 424002 09/09/1850 31 Sacramento Pacific 27 MO Missouri 69709 180546 08/10/1821 24 Jefferson City West North Central 28 OK Oklahoma 69903 181049 11/16/1907 46 Oklahoma City West South Central 29 PA Pennsylvania 46058 119291 12/12/1787 2 Harrisburg Mid-Atlantic 30 SC South Carolina 32007 82898 05/23/1788 8 Columbia South Atlantic ==================================================================================================== Do you want to sort the list in alphabetical order (y/n)?
Area Admission to Union # Abbrv State Name SqrMls Km2 Date Order Capital Region ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 AK Alaska 656424 1700139 01/03/1959 49 Juneau Pacific 2 CA California 163707 424002 09/09/1850 31 Sacramento Pacific 3 DE Delaware 2489 6447 12/07/1787 1 Dover South Atlantic 4 ID Idaho 83574 216456 07/03/1890 43 Boise Mountain 5 IL Illinois 57918 150007 12/03/1818 21 Springfield East North Central 6 IN Indiana 36420 94328 12/11/1816 19 Indianapolis East North Central 7 IA Iowa 56276 145754 12/28/1846 29 Des Moines West North Central 8 KS Kansas 82282 213110 01/29/1861 34 Topeka West North Central 9 KY Kentucky 40411 104665 06/01/1792 15 Frankfort East South Central 10 ME Maine 35387 91653 03/15/1820 23 Augusta New England 11 MS Mississippi 48434 125443 12/10/1817 20 Jackson East South Central 12 MO Missouri 69709 180546 08/10/1821 24 Jefferson City West North Central 13 MT Montana 147046 380850 11/08/1889 41 Helena Mountain 14 NE Nebraska 77358 200358 03/01/1867 37 Lincoln West North Central 15 NH New Hampshire 9351 24219 06/21/1788 9 Concord New England 16 NJ New Jersey 8722 22590 12/18/1787 3 Trenton Mid-Atlantic 17 NM New Mexico 121598 314939 01/06/1912 47 Santa Fe Mountain 18 NY New York 54475 141089 07/26/1788 11 Albany Mid-Atlantic 19 NC North Carolina 53821 139397 11/21/1789 12 Raleigh South Atlantic 20 ND North Dakota 70704 183123 11/02/1889 39 Bismarck West North Central 21 OH Ohio 44828 116103 03/01/1803 17 Columbus East North Central 22 OK Oklahoma 69903 181049 11/16/1907 46 Oklahoma City West South Central 23 OR Oregon 98386 254819 02/14/1859 33 Salem Pacific 24 PA Pennsylvania 46058 119291 12/12/1787 2 Harrisburg Mid-Atlantic 25 RI Rhode Island 1545 4002 05/29/1790 13 Providence New England 26 SC South Carolina 32007 82898 05/23/1788 8 Columbia South Atlantic 27 TN Tennessee 42146 109158 06/01/1796 16 Nashville East South Central 28 TX Texas 268601 695676 12/29/1845 28 Austin West South Central 29 VT Vermont 9615 24903 03/04/1791 14 Montpelier New England 30 WI Wisconsin 65503 169653 05/29/1848 30 Madison East North Central ==================================================================================================== Press any key to continue . . .
Reversing an Array
When you display the values of an array, they appear in the order they were added in the list. If you want, you can display the list from the last added item to the first added. To assist you with this operation, the Array class provides a method named Reverse. Its syntax is:
public static void Reverse(Array array);
This method neither arranges an array nor reverses a sorted array, It simply reverses whatever order the array holds. Here is an example of calling this method:
using System;
public class Exercise
{
public static void Main()
{
double[] numbers = new double[8]
{
7628.937, 6.48, 574.9, 293749.064,
0.70257, 314.905, 80458.01, 28.07
};
Console.WriteLine("Numbers");
Console.WriteLine("Original List");
foreach (var number in numbers)
Console.WriteLine("Number: " + number);
Console.WriteLine("-----------------------");
Array.Reverse(numbers);
Console.WriteLine("Sorted List");
foreach (var number in numbers)
Console.WriteLine("Number: " + number);
Console.WriteLine("=================================");
}
}
This would produce:
Numbers Original List Number: 7628.937 Number: 6.48 Number: 574.9 Number: 293749.064 Number: 0.70257 Number: 314.905 Number: 80458.01 Number: 28.07 ----------------------- Sorted List Number: 28.07 Number: 80458.01 Number: 314.905 Number: 0.70257 Number: 293749.064 Number: 574.9 Number: 6.48 Number: 7628.937 ================================= Press any key to continue . . .
Resizing an Array
By definition, an array is is fixed list. This means that, when creating an array, you specify the number of its elements, then you starting adding values or objects to the array, but you cannot add items beyond the specified number. Sometimes in the real world, you may want to add items to array without having to recreate the array. To assist you with this operation, the Array class includes a static method named Resize.
The Array.Resize() method takes two arguments. The first argument is passed by reference and is the name of the array you want to resize. The second argument is a constant integer that is the new size of the array. If the new size is lower than the length of the original array, a new array is created with that new size. This means that, to increase the size of an array, you should pass the second argument as the size of the orginal array + the number of new items you want to add.
Practical Learning: Resizing an Array
using System;
namespace CountriesStatistics3
{
public class CountriesStatistics
{
private static void Display(Array entities)
{
Console.Clear();
Console.WriteLine(" United States of America");
Console.WriteLine("====================================================================================================");
Console.WriteLine(" Area Admission to Union");
Console.WriteLine(" # Abbrv State Name SqrMls Km2 Date Order Capital Region");
Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
for (int counter = 0; counter <= entities.Length - 1; counter++)
{
Federation stt = (Federation)entities.GetValue(counter);
Console.WriteLine("{0,2} {1,2} {2} {3,6} {4,7} {5,8} {6,5} {7} {8}",
counter + 1, stt.Abbreviation, stt.StateName,
stt.AreaSqrMiles, stt.AreaSqrKms, stt.AdmissionUnionDate,
stt.AdmissionUnionOrder, stt.Capital, stt.Region.Designation);
}
Console.WriteLine("====================================================================================================");
}
public static int Main(string[] args)
{
int counter = 0;
Region[] regions = new Region[]
{
new Region() { Designation = "East North Central", Description = "The East North Central region includes the states around the Great Lakes." },
new Region() { Designation = "East South Central", Description = "The East South Central portion is one of the regions designated as the South." },
new Region() { Designation = "New England ", Description = "New England is the group of states in the North-East region. It is delimited in the North and North-East by Canada, in the East by the Atlantic Ocean, and in the South and West by the New York state." },
new Region() { Designation = "Mid-Atlantic ", Description = "Mid-Atlantic is a region situated in the south of New England. Mid-Atlantic is one of the regions defined by the Census bureau for statistical purposes." },
new Region() { Designation = "Mountain ", Description = "Like the name suggests, the Mountain region covers states known for their mountaneous characteristics. They are also covered by desertic areas." },
new Region() { Designation = "Pacific ", Description = "The Pacific region covers the costal western states plus the two non-continental states of Alaska and the Hawaiian islands. All states in this region have a coast on the Pacific Ocean." },
new Region() { Designation = "South Atlantic ", Description = "The South Atlantic region includes the states in the South-East part but also counts the Disctrict of Columbia." },
new Region() { Designation = "West North Central", Description = "The West North Central region includes the states in the Great Planes area. This reqion is divided from the East North Central part by the Mississippi River. This region is characterized by vast agricultural farms and high employment." },
new Region() { Designation = "West South Central", Description = "The West South Central part is one of the regions with (only) four states. The imposing Texas state is both the largest and the most populous state in the region." }
};
Federation[] states = new Federation[40];
states[0] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "RI", Name = "Rhode Island ", Area = 1545, AreaSqrKms = 4002, AdmissionUnionDate = "05/29/1790", AdmissionUnionOrder = 13, Capital = "Providence ", Region = regions[2] };
states[1] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "OH", Name = "Ohio ", Area = 44828, AreaSqrKms = 116103, AdmissionUnionDate = "03/01/1803", AdmissionUnionOrder = 17, Capital = "Columbus ", Region = regions[0] };
states[2] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "KY", Name = "Kentucky ", Area = 40411, AreaSqrKms = 104665, AdmissionUnionDate = "06/01/1792", AdmissionUnionOrder = 15, Capital = "Frankfort ", Region = regions[2] };
states[3] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "IA", Name = "Iowa ", Area = 56276, AreaSqrKms = 145754, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/28/1846", AdmissionUnionOrder = 29, Capital = "Des Moines ", Region = regions[7] };
states[4] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "WI", Name = "Wisconsin ", Area = 65503, AreaSqrKms = 169653, AdmissionUnionDate = "05/29/1848", AdmissionUnionOrder = 30, Capital = "Madison ", Region = regions[0] };
states[5] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "VT", Name = "Vermont ", Area = 9615, AreaSqrKms = 24903, AdmissionUnionDate = "03/04/1791", AdmissionUnionOrder = 14, Capital = "Montpelier ", Region = regions[2] };
states[6] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "ID", Name = "Idaho ", Area = 83574, AreaSqrKms = 216456, AdmissionUnionDate = "07/03/1890", AdmissionUnionOrder = 43, Capital = "Boise ", Region = regions[4] };
states[7] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "ME", Name = "Maine ", Area = 35387, AreaSqrKms = 91653, AdmissionUnionDate = "03/15/1820", AdmissionUnionOrder = 23, Capital = "Augusta ", Region = regions[2] };
states[8] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "OR", Name = "Oregon ", Area = 98386, AreaSqrKms = 254819, AdmissionUnionDate = "02/14/1859", AdmissionUnionOrder = 33, Capital = "Salem ", Region = regions[5] };
states[9] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "ND", Name = "North Dakota ", Area = 70704, AreaSqrKms = 183123, AdmissionUnionDate = "11/02/1889", AdmissionUnionOrder = 39, Capital = "Bismarck ", Region = regions[7] };
states[10] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "IN", Name = "Indiana ", Area = 36420, AreaSqrKms = 94328, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/11/1816", AdmissionUnionOrder = 19, Capital = "Indianapolis ", Region = regions[0] };
states[11] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "MS", Name = "Mississippi ", Area = 48434, AreaSqrKms = 125443, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/10/1817", AdmissionUnionOrder = 20, Capital = "Jackson ", Region = regions[1] };
states[12] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "TX", Name = "Texas ", Area = 268601, AreaSqrKms = 695676, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/29/1845", AdmissionUnionOrder = 28, Capital = "Austin ", Region = regions[8] };
states[13] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "MT", Name = "Montana ", Area = 147046, AreaSqrKms = 380850, AdmissionUnionDate = "11/08/1889", AdmissionUnionOrder = 41, Capital = "Helena ", Region = regions[4] };
states[14] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "NC", Name = "North Carolina", Area = 53821, AreaSqrKms = 139397, AdmissionUnionDate = "11/21/1789", AdmissionUnionOrder = 12, Capital = "Raleigh ", Region = regions[6] };
states[15] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "TN", Name = "Tennessee ", Area = 42146, AreaSqrKms = 109158, AdmissionUnionDate = "06/01/1796", AdmissionUnionOrder = 16, Capital = "Nashville ", Region = regions[1] };
states[16] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "NE", Name = "Nebraska ", Area = 77358, AreaSqrKms = 200358, AdmissionUnionDate = "03/01/1867", AdmissionUnionOrder = 37, Capital = "Lincoln ", Region = regions[7] };
states[17] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "IL", Name = "Illinois ", Area = 57918, AreaSqrKms = 150007, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/03/1818", AdmissionUnionOrder = 21, Capital = "Springfield ", Region = regions[0] };
states[18] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "KS", Name = "Kansas ", Area = 82282, AreaSqrKms = 213110, AdmissionUnionDate = "01/29/1861", AdmissionUnionOrder = 34, Capital = "Topeka ", Region = regions[7] };
states[19] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "NH", Name = "New Hampshire ", Area = 9351, AreaSqrKms = 24219, AdmissionUnionDate = "06/21/1788", AdmissionUnionOrder = 9, Capital = "Concord ", Region = regions[2] };
states[20] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "DE", Name = "Delaware ", Area = 2489, AreaSqrKms = 6447, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/07/1787", AdmissionUnionOrder = 1, Capital = "Dover ", Region = regions[6] };
states[21] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "NJ", Name = "New Jersey ", Area = 8722, AreaSqrKms = 22590, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/18/1787", AdmissionUnionOrder = 3, Capital = "Trenton ", Region = regions[3] };
states[22] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "AK", Name = "Alaska ", Area = 656424, AreaSqrKms = 1700139, AdmissionUnionDate = "01/03/1959", AdmissionUnionOrder = 49, Capital = "Juneau ", Region = regions[5] };
states[23] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "NM", Name = "New Mexico ", Area = 121598, AreaSqrKms = 314939, AdmissionUnionDate = "01/06/1912", AdmissionUnionOrder = 47, Capital = "Santa Fe ", Region = regions[4] };
states[24] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "NY", Name = "New York ", Area = 54475, AreaSqrKms = 141089, AdmissionUnionDate = "07/26/1788", AdmissionUnionOrder = 11, Capital = "Albany ", Region = regions[3] };
states[25] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "CA", Name = "California ", Area = 163707, AreaSqrKms = 424002, AdmissionUnionDate = "09/09/1850", AdmissionUnionOrder = 31, Capital = "Sacramento ", Region = regions[5] };
states[26] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "MO", Name = "Missouri ", Area = 69709, AreaSqrKms = 180546, AdmissionUnionDate = "08/10/1821", AdmissionUnionOrder = 24, Capital = "Jefferson City", Region = regions[7] };
states[27] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "OK", Name = "Oklahoma ", Area = 69903, AreaSqrKms = 181049, AdmissionUnionDate = "11/16/1907", AdmissionUnionOrder = 46, Capital = "Oklahoma City ", Region = regions[8] };
states[28] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "PA", Name = "Pennsylvania ", Area = 46058, AreaSqrKms = 119291, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/12/1787", AdmissionUnionOrder = 2, Capital = "Harrisburg ", Region = regions[3] };
states[29] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "SC", Name = "South Carolina", Area = 32007, AreaSqrKms = 82898, AdmissionUnionDate = "05/23/1788", AdmissionUnionOrder = 8, Capital = "Columbia ", Region = regions[6] };
states[30] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "WY", Name = "Wyoming ", Area = 97818, AreaSqrKms = 253349, AdmissionUnionDate = "07/10/1890", AdmissionUnionOrder = 44, Capital = "Cheyenne ", Region = regions[4] };
states[31] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "SD", Name = "South Dakota ", Area = 77122, AreaSqrKms = 199745, AdmissionUnionDate = "11/02/1889", AdmissionUnionOrder = 40, Capital = "Pierre ", Region = regions[7] };
states[32] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "UT", Name = "Utah ", Area = 84904, AreaSqrKms = 219902, AdmissionUnionDate = "01/04/1896", AdmissionUnionOrder = 45, Capital = "Salt Lake City", Region = regions[4] };
states[33] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "AL", Name = "Alabama ", Area = 52423, AreaSqrKms = 135775, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/14/1819", AdmissionUnionOrder = 22, Capital = "Montgomery ", Region = regions[1] };
states[34] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "VT", Name = "Vermont ", Area = 9615, AreaSqrKms = 24903, AdmissionUnionDate = "03/04/1791", AdmissionUnionOrder = 14, Capital = "Montpelier ", Region = regions[2] };
states[35] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "AR", Name = "Arkansas ", Area = 53182, AreaSqrKms = 137742, AdmissionUnionDate = "06/15/1836", AdmissionUnionOrder = 25, Capital = "Little Rock ", Region = regions[8] };
states[36] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "WA", Name = "Washington ", Area = 71303, AreaSqrKms = 184674, AdmissionUnionDate = "11/11/1889", AdmissionUnionOrder = 42, Capital = "Olympia ", Region = regions[5] };
states[37] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "AZ", Name = "Arizona ", Area = 114006, AreaSqrKms = 295276, AdmissionUnionDate = "02/14/1912", AdmissionUnionOrder = 48, Capital = "Phoenix ", Region = regions[4] };
states[38] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "WV", Name = "West Virginia ", Area = 24231, AreaSqrKms = 62759, AdmissionUnionDate = "06/20/1863", AdmissionUnionOrder = 35, Capital = "Charleston ", Region = regions[6] };
states[39] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "LA", Name = "Louisiana ", Area = 51844, AreaSqrKms = 134275, AdmissionUnionDate = "04/30/1812", AdmissionUnionOrder = 18, Capital = "Baton Rouge ", Region = regions[8] };
Array.Resize(ref states, states.Length + 5);
states[40] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "MA", Name = "Massachusetts ", Area = 10555, AreaSqrKms = 27337, AdmissionUnionDate = "02/06/1788", AdmissionUnionOrder = 6, Capital = "Boston ", Region = regions[2] };
states[41] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "FL", Name = "Florida ", Area = 65758, AreaSqrKms = 170313, AdmissionUnionDate = "03/03/1845", AdmissionUnionOrder = 27, Capital = "Tallahassee ", Region = regions[6] };
states[42] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "GA", Name = "Georgia ", Area = 59441, AreaSqrKms = 153953, AdmissionUnionDate = "01/02/1788", AdmissionUnionOrder = 4, Capital = "Atlanta ", Region = regions[6] };
states[43] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "HI", Name = "Hawaii ", Area = 10932, AreaSqrKms = 28313, AdmissionUnionDate = "08/21/1959", AdmissionUnionOrder = 50, Capital = "Honolulu ", Region = regions[5] };
states[44] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "MD", Name = "Maryland ", Area = 12407, AreaSqrKms = 32135, AdmissionUnionDate = "04/28/1788", AdmissionUnionOrder = 7, Capital = "Annapolis ", Region = regions[6] };
Display(states);
Console.Write("Do you want to sort the list in alphabetical order (y/n)? ");
string answer = Console.ReadLine();
if (answer.ToLower().Equals("y"))
{
Array.Sort(states);
Display(states);
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Good Bye!!!");
Console.WriteLine("====================================================================================================");
}
return 1;
}
}
} United States of America
====================================================================================================
Area Admission to Union
# Abbrv State Name SqrMls Km2 Date Order Capital Region
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 RI Rhode Island 1545 4002 05/29/1790 13 Providence New England
2 OH Ohio 44828 116103 03/01/1803 17 Columbus East North Central
3 KY Kentucky 40411 104665 06/01/1792 15 Frankfort New England
4 IA Iowa 56276 145754 12/28/1846 29 Des Moines West North Central
5 WI Wisconsin 65503 169653 05/29/1848 30 Madison East North Central
6 VT Vermont 9615 24903 03/04/1791 14 Montpelier New England
7 ID Idaho 83574 216456 07/03/1890 43 Boise Mountain
8 ME Maine 35387 91653 03/15/1820 23 Augusta New England
9 OR Oregon 98386 254819 02/14/1859 33 Salem Pacific
10 ND North Dakota 70704 183123 11/02/1889 39 Bismarck West North Central
11 IN Indiana 36420 94328 12/11/1816 19 Indianapolis East North Central
12 MS Mississippi 48434 125443 12/10/1817 20 Jackson East South Central
13 TX Texas 268601 695676 12/29/1845 28 Austin West South Central
14 MT Montana 147046 380850 11/08/1889 41 Helena Mountain
15 NC North Carolina 53821 139397 11/21/1789 12 Raleigh South Atlantic
16 TN Tennessee 42146 109158 06/01/1796 16 Nashville East South Central
17 NE Nebraska 77358 200358 03/01/1867 37 Lincoln West North Central
18 IL Illinois 57918 150007 12/03/1818 21 Springfield East North Central
19 KS Kansas 82282 213110 01/29/1861 34 Topeka West North Central
20 NH New Hampshire 9351 24219 06/21/1788 9 Concord New England
21 DE Delaware 2489 6447 12/07/1787 1 Dover South Atlantic
22 NJ New Jersey 8722 22590 12/18/1787 3 Trenton Mid-Atlantic
23 AK Alaska 656424 1700139 01/03/1959 49 Juneau Pacific
24 NM New Mexico 121598 314939 01/06/1912 47 Santa Fe Mountain
25 NY New York 54475 141089 07/26/1788 11 Albany Mid-Atlantic
26 CA California 163707 424002 09/09/1850 31 Sacramento Pacific
27 MO Missouri 69709 180546 08/10/1821 24 Jefferson City West North Central
28 OK Oklahoma 69903 181049 11/16/1907 46 Oklahoma City West South Central
29 PA Pennsylvania 46058 119291 12/12/1787 2 Harrisburg Mid-Atlantic
30 SC South Carolina 32007 82898 05/23/1788 8 Columbia South Atlantic
31 WY Wyoming 97818 253349 07/10/1890 44 Cheyenne Mountain
32 SD South Dakota 77122 199745 11/02/1889 40 Pierre West North Central
33 UT Utah 84904 219902 01/04/1896 45 Salt Lake City Mountain
34 AL Alabama 52423 135775 12/14/1819 22 Montgomery East South Central
35 VT Vermont 9615 24903 03/04/1791 14 Montpelier New England
36 AR Arkansas 53182 137742 06/15/1836 25 Little Rock West South Central
37 WA Washington 71303 184674 11/11/1889 42 Olympia Pacific
38 AZ Arizona 114006 295276 02/14/1912 48 Phoenix Mountain
39 WV West Virginia 24231 62759 06/20/1863 35 Charleston South Atlantic
40 LA Louisiana 51844 134275 04/30/1812 18 Baton Rouge West South Central
41 MA Massachusetts 10555 27337 02/06/1788 6 Boston New England
42 FL Florida 65758 170313 03/03/1845 27 Tallahassee South Atlantic
43 GA Georgia 59441 153953 01/02/1788 4 Atlanta South Atlantic
44 HI Hawaii 10932 28313 08/21/1959 50 Honolulu Pacific
45 MD Maryland 12407 32135 04/28/1788 7 Annapolis South Atlantic
====================================================================================================
Do you want to sort the list in alphabetical order (y/n)? United States of America
====================================================================================================
Area Admission to Union
# Abbrv State Name SqrMls Km2 Date Order Capital Region
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 AL Alabama 52423 135775 12/14/1819 22 Montgomery East South Central
2 AK Alaska 656424 1700139 01/03/1959 49 Juneau Pacific
3 AZ Arizona 114006 295276 02/14/1912 48 Phoenix Mountain
4 AR Arkansas 53182 137742 06/15/1836 25 Little Rock West South Central
5 CA California 163707 424002 09/09/1850 31 Sacramento Pacific
6 DE Delaware 2489 6447 12/07/1787 1 Dover South Atlantic
7 FL Florida 65758 170313 03/03/1845 27 Tallahassee South Atlantic
8 GA Georgia 59441 153953 01/02/1788 4 Atlanta South Atlantic
9 HI Hawaii 10932 28313 08/21/1959 50 Honolulu Pacific
10 ID Idaho 83574 216456 07/03/1890 43 Boise Mountain
11 IL Illinois 57918 150007 12/03/1818 21 Springfield East North Central
12 IN Indiana 36420 94328 12/11/1816 19 Indianapolis East North Central
13 IA Iowa 56276 145754 12/28/1846 29 Des Moines West North Central
14 KS Kansas 82282 213110 01/29/1861 34 Topeka West North Central
15 KY Kentucky 40411 104665 06/01/1792 15 Frankfort New England
16 LA Louisiana 51844 134275 04/30/1812 18 Baton Rouge West South Central
17 ME Maine 35387 91653 03/15/1820 23 Augusta New England
18 MD Maryland 12407 32135 04/28/1788 7 Annapolis South Atlantic
19 MA Massachusetts 10555 27337 02/06/1788 6 Boston New England
20 MS Mississippi 48434 125443 12/10/1817 20 Jackson East South Central
21 MO Missouri 69709 180546 08/10/1821 24 Jefferson City West North Central
22 MT Montana 147046 380850 11/08/1889 41 Helena Mountain
23 NE Nebraska 77358 200358 03/01/1867 37 Lincoln West North Central
24 NH New Hampshire 9351 24219 06/21/1788 9 Concord New England
25 NJ New Jersey 8722 22590 12/18/1787 3 Trenton Mid-Atlantic
26 NM New Mexico 121598 314939 01/06/1912 47 Santa Fe Mountain
27 NY New York 54475 141089 07/26/1788 11 Albany Mid-Atlantic
28 NC North Carolina 53821 139397 11/21/1789 12 Raleigh South Atlantic
29 ND North Dakota 70704 183123 11/02/1889 39 Bismarck West North Central
30 OH Ohio 44828 116103 03/01/1803 17 Columbus East North Central
31 OK Oklahoma 69903 181049 11/16/1907 46 Oklahoma City West South Central
32 OR Oregon 98386 254819 02/14/1859 33 Salem Pacific
33 PA Pennsylvania 46058 119291 12/12/1787 2 Harrisburg Mid-Atlantic
34 RI Rhode Island 1545 4002 05/29/1790 13 Providence New England
35 SC South Carolina 32007 82898 05/23/1788 8 Columbia South Atlantic
36 SD South Dakota 77122 199745 11/02/1889 40 Pierre West North Central
37 TN Tennessee 42146 109158 06/01/1796 16 Nashville East South Central
38 TX Texas 268601 695676 12/29/1845 28 Austin West South Central
39 UT Utah 84904 219902 01/04/1896 45 Salt Lake City Mountain
40 VT Vermont 9615 24903 03/04/1791 14 Montpelier New England
41 VT Vermont 9615 24903 03/04/1791 14 Montpelier New England
42 WA Washington 71303 184674 11/11/1889 42 Olympia Pacific
43 WV West Virginia 24231 62759 06/20/1863 35 Charleston South Atlantic
44 WI Wisconsin 65503 169653 05/29/1848 30 Madison East North Central
45 WY Wyoming 97818 253349 07/10/1890 44 Cheyenne Mountain
====================================================================================================
Press any key to continue . . .Copying an Array
Copying an array consists of assigning its values or objects to another array. To support this operation, the Array class provides various methods. The classic technique uses a method named Copy. It is overloaded in four versions for different scenarios. The easiest way to copy an array is through a version that takes three arguments. The first version takes three arguments: the source array, the destination array, and the number of items that will be copied.
Practical Learning: Copying an Array
using System;
namespace CountriesStatistics3
{
public class CountriesStatistics
{
private static void Display(Array entities)
{
Console.Clear();
Console.WriteLine(" United States of America");
Console.WriteLine("====================================================================================================");
Console.WriteLine(" Area Admission to Union");
Console.WriteLine(" # Abbrv State Name SqrMls Km2 Date Order Capital Region");
Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
for (int counter = 0; counter <= entities.Length - 1; counter++)
{
Federation stt = (Federation)entities.GetValue(counter);
Console.WriteLine("{0,2} {1,2} {2} {3,6} {4,7} {5,8} {6,5} {7} {8}",
counter + 1, stt.Abbreviation, stt.StateName,
stt.AreaSqrMiles, stt.AreaSqrKms, stt.AdmissionUnionDate,
stt.AdmissionUnionOrder, stt.Capital, stt.Region.Designation);
}
Console.WriteLine("====================================================================================================");
}
public static int Main(string[] args)
{
int counter = 0;
Region[] regions = new Region[]
{
new Region() { Designation = "East North Central", Description = "The East North Central region includes the states around the Great Lakes." },
new Region() { Designation = "East South Central", Description = "The East South Central portion is one of the regions designated as the South." },
new Region() { Designation = "New England ", Description = "New England is the group of states in the North-East region. It is delimited in the North and North-East by Canada, in the East by the Atlantic Ocean, and in the South and West by the New York state." },
new Region() { Designation = "Mid-Atlantic ", Description = "Mid-Atlantic is a region situated in the south of New England. Mid-Atlantic is one of the regions defined by the Census bureau for statistical purposes." },
new Region() { Designation = "Mountain ", Description = "Like the name suggests, the Mountain region covers states known for their mountaneous characteristics. They are also covered by desertic areas." },
new Region() { Designation = "Pacific ", Description = "The Pacific region covers the costal western states plus the two non-continental states of Alaska and the Hawaiian islands. All states in this region have a coast on the Pacific Ocean." },
new Region() { Designation = "South Atlantic ", Description = "The South Atlantic region includes the states in the South-East part but also counts the Disctrict of Columbia." },
new Region() { Designation = "West North Central", Description = "The West North Central region includes the states in the Great Planes area. This reqion is divided from the East North Central part by the Mississippi River. This region is characterized by vast agricultural farms and high employment." },
new Region() { Designation = "West South Central", Description = "The West South Central part is one of the regions with (only) four states. The imposing Texas state is both the largest and the most populous state in the region." }
};
Federation[] states = new Federation[40];
states[0] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "RI", Name = "Rhode Island ", Area = 1545, AreaSqrKms = 4002, AdmissionUnionDate = "05/29/1790", AdmissionUnionOrder = 13, Capital = "Providence ", Region = regions[2] };
states[1] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "OH", Name = "Ohio ", Area = 44828, AreaSqrKms = 116103, AdmissionUnionDate = "03/01/1803", AdmissionUnionOrder = 17, Capital = "Columbus ", Region = regions[0] };
states[2] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "KY", Name = "Kentucky ", Area = 40411, AreaSqrKms = 104665, AdmissionUnionDate = "06/01/1792", AdmissionUnionOrder = 15, Capital = "Frankfort ", Region = regions[2] };
states[3] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "IA", Name = "Iowa ", Area = 56276, AreaSqrKms = 145754, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/28/1846", AdmissionUnionOrder = 29, Capital = "Des Moines ", Region = regions[7] };
states[4] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "WI", Name = "Wisconsin ", Area = 65503, AreaSqrKms = 169653, AdmissionUnionDate = "05/29/1848", AdmissionUnionOrder = 30, Capital = "Madison ", Region = regions[0] };
states[5] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "VT", Name = "Vermont ", Area = 9615, AreaSqrKms = 24903, AdmissionUnionDate = "03/04/1791", AdmissionUnionOrder = 14, Capital = "Montpelier ", Region = regions[2] };
states[6] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "ID", Name = "Idaho ", Area = 83574, AreaSqrKms = 216456, AdmissionUnionDate = "07/03/1890", AdmissionUnionOrder = 43, Capital = "Boise ", Region = regions[4] };
states[7] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "ME", Name = "Maine ", Area = 35387, AreaSqrKms = 91653, AdmissionUnionDate = "03/15/1820", AdmissionUnionOrder = 23, Capital = "Augusta ", Region = regions[2] };
states[8] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "OR", Name = "Oregon ", Area = 98386, AreaSqrKms = 254819, AdmissionUnionDate = "02/14/1859", AdmissionUnionOrder = 33, Capital = "Salem ", Region = regions[5] };
states[9] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "ND", Name = "North Dakota ", Area = 70704, AreaSqrKms = 183123, AdmissionUnionDate = "11/02/1889", AdmissionUnionOrder = 39, Capital = "Bismarck ", Region = regions[7] };
states[10] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "IN", Name = "Indiana ", Area = 36420, AreaSqrKms = 94328, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/11/1816", AdmissionUnionOrder = 19, Capital = "Indianapolis ", Region = regions[0] };
states[11] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "MS", Name = "Mississippi ", Area = 48434, AreaSqrKms = 125443, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/10/1817", AdmissionUnionOrder = 20, Capital = "Jackson ", Region = regions[1] };
states[12] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "TX", Name = "Texas ", Area = 268601, AreaSqrKms = 695676, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/29/1845", AdmissionUnionOrder = 28, Capital = "Austin ", Region = regions[8] };
states[13] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "MT", Name = "Montana ", Area = 147046, AreaSqrKms = 380850, AdmissionUnionDate = "11/08/1889", AdmissionUnionOrder = 41, Capital = "Helena ", Region = regions[4] };
states[14] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "NC", Name = "North Carolina", Area = 53821, AreaSqrKms = 139397, AdmissionUnionDate = "11/21/1789", AdmissionUnionOrder = 12, Capital = "Raleigh ", Region = regions[6] };
states[15] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "TN", Name = "Tennessee ", Area = 42146, AreaSqrKms = 109158, AdmissionUnionDate = "06/01/1796", AdmissionUnionOrder = 16, Capital = "Nashville ", Region = regions[1] };
states[16] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "NE", Name = "Nebraska ", Area = 77358, AreaSqrKms = 200358, AdmissionUnionDate = "03/01/1867", AdmissionUnionOrder = 37, Capital = "Lincoln ", Region = regions[7] };
states[17] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "IL", Name = "Illinois ", Area = 57918, AreaSqrKms = 150007, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/03/1818", AdmissionUnionOrder = 21, Capital = "Springfield ", Region = regions[0] };
states[18] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "KS", Name = "Kansas ", Area = 82282, AreaSqrKms = 213110, AdmissionUnionDate = "01/29/1861", AdmissionUnionOrder = 34, Capital = "Topeka ", Region = regions[7] };
states[19] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "NH", Name = "New Hampshire ", Area = 9351, AreaSqrKms = 24219, AdmissionUnionDate = "06/21/1788", AdmissionUnionOrder = 9, Capital = "Concord ", Region = regions[2] };
states[20] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "DE", Name = "Delaware ", Area = 2489, AreaSqrKms = 6447, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/07/1787", AdmissionUnionOrder = 1, Capital = "Dover ", Region = regions[6] };
states[21] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "NJ", Name = "New Jersey ", Area = 8722, AreaSqrKms = 22590, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/18/1787", AdmissionUnionOrder = 3, Capital = "Trenton ", Region = regions[3] };
states[22] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "AK", Name = "Alaska ", Area = 656424, AreaSqrKms = 1700139, AdmissionUnionDate = "01/03/1959", AdmissionUnionOrder = 49, Capital = "Juneau ", Region = regions[5] };
states[23] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "NM", Name = "New Mexico ", Area = 121598, AreaSqrKms = 314939, AdmissionUnionDate = "01/06/1912", AdmissionUnionOrder = 47, Capital = "Santa Fe ", Region = regions[4] };
states[24] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "NY", Name = "New York ", Area = 54475, AreaSqrKms = 141089, AdmissionUnionDate = "07/26/1788", AdmissionUnionOrder = 11, Capital = "Albany ", Region = regions[3] };
states[25] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "CA", Name = "California ", Area = 163707, AreaSqrKms = 424002, AdmissionUnionDate = "09/09/1850", AdmissionUnionOrder = 31, Capital = "Sacramento ", Region = regions[5] };
states[26] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "MO", Name = "Missouri ", Area = 69709, AreaSqrKms = 180546, AdmissionUnionDate = "08/10/1821", AdmissionUnionOrder = 24, Capital = "Jefferson City", Region = regions[7] };
states[27] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "OK", Name = "Oklahoma ", Area = 69903, AreaSqrKms = 181049, AdmissionUnionDate = "11/16/1907", AdmissionUnionOrder = 46, Capital = "Oklahoma City ", Region = regions[8] };
states[28] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "PA", Name = "Pennsylvania ", Area = 46058, AreaSqrKms = 119291, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/12/1787", AdmissionUnionOrder = 2, Capital = "Harrisburg ", Region = regions[3] };
states[29] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "SC", Name = "South Carolina", Area = 32007, AreaSqrKms = 82898, AdmissionUnionDate = "05/23/1788", AdmissionUnionOrder = 8, Capital = "Columbia ", Region = regions[6] };
states[30] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "WY", Name = "Wyoming ", Area = 97818, AreaSqrKms = 253349, AdmissionUnionDate = "07/10/1890", AdmissionUnionOrder = 44, Capital = "Cheyenne ", Region = regions[4] };
states[31] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "SD", Name = "South Dakota ", Area = 77122, AreaSqrKms = 199745, AdmissionUnionDate = "11/02/1889", AdmissionUnionOrder = 40, Capital = "Pierre ", Region = regions[7] };
states[32] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "UT", Name = "Utah ", Area = 84904, AreaSqrKms = 219902, AdmissionUnionDate = "01/04/1896", AdmissionUnionOrder = 45, Capital = "Salt Lake City", Region = regions[4] };
states[33] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "AL", Name = "Alabama ", Area = 52423, AreaSqrKms = 135775, AdmissionUnionDate = "12/14/1819", AdmissionUnionOrder = 22, Capital = "Montgomery ", Region = regions[1] };
states[34] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "VT", Name = "Vermont ", Area = 9615, AreaSqrKms = 24903, AdmissionUnionDate = "03/04/1791", AdmissionUnionOrder = 14, Capital = "Montpelier ", Region = regions[2] };
states[35] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "AR", Name = "Arkansas ", Area = 53182, AreaSqrKms = 137742, AdmissionUnionDate = "06/15/1836", AdmissionUnionOrder = 25, Capital = "Little Rock ", Region = regions[8] };
states[36] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "WA", Name = "Washington ", Area = 71303, AreaSqrKms = 184674, AdmissionUnionDate = "11/11/1889", AdmissionUnionOrder = 42, Capital = "Olympia ", Region = regions[5] };
states[37] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "AZ", Name = "Arizona ", Area = 114006, AreaSqrKms = 295276, AdmissionUnionDate = "02/14/1912", AdmissionUnionOrder = 48, Capital = "Phoenix ", Region = regions[4] };
states[38] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "WV", Name = "West Virginia ", Area = 24231, AreaSqrKms = 62759, AdmissionUnionDate = "06/20/1863", AdmissionUnionOrder = 35, Capital = "Charleston ", Region = regions[6] };
states[39] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "LA", Name = "Louisiana ", Area = 51844, AreaSqrKms = 134275, AdmissionUnionDate = "04/30/1812", AdmissionUnionOrder = 18, Capital = "Baton Rouge ", Region = regions[8] };
Array.Resize(ref states, states.Length + 5);
states[40] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "MA", Name = "Massachusetts ", Area = 10555, AreaSqrKms = 27337, AdmissionUnionDate = "02/06/1788", AdmissionUnionOrder = 6, Capital = "Boston ", Region = regions[2] };
states[41] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "FL", Name = "Florida ", Area = 65758, AreaSqrKms = 170313, AdmissionUnionDate = "03/03/1845", AdmissionUnionOrder = 27, Capital = "Tallahassee ", Region = regions[6] };
states[42] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "GA", Name = "Georgia ", Area = 59441, AreaSqrKms = 153953, AdmissionUnionDate = "01/02/1788", AdmissionUnionOrder = 4, Capital = "Atlanta ", Region = regions[6] };
states[43] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "HI", Name = "Hawaii ", Area = 10932, AreaSqrKms = 28313, AdmissionUnionDate = "08/21/1959", AdmissionUnionOrder = 50, Capital = "Honolulu ", Region = regions[5] };
states[44] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "MD", Name = "Maryland ", Area = 12407, AreaSqrKms = 32135, AdmissionUnionDate = "04/28/1788", AdmissionUnionOrder = 7, Capital = "Annapolis ", Region = regions[6] };
Federation[] temporary = new Federation[states.Length + 5];
Array.Copy(states, temporary, states.Length);
states = temporary;
states[45] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "CO", Name = "Colorado ", Area = 104100, AreaSqrKms = 269620, AdmissionUnionDate = "08/01/1876", AdmissionUnionOrder = 38, Capital = "Denver ", Region = regions[4] };
states[46] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "MI", Name = "Michigan ", Area = 98810, AreaSqrKms = 250738, AdmissionUnionDate = "01/26/1837", AdmissionUnionOrder = 26, Capital = "Lansing ", Region = regions[0] };
states[47] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "MN", Name = "Minnesota ", Area = 86943, AreaSqrKms = 225182, AdmissionUnionDate = "05/11/1858", AdmissionUnionOrder = 32, Capital = "Saint Paul ", Region = regions[7] };
states[48] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "CT", Name = "Connecticut ", Area = 5544, AreaSqrKms = 14358, AdmissionUnionDate = "01/09/1788", AdmissionUnionOrder = 5, Capital = "Hartford ", Region = regions[3] };
states[49] = new Federation() { Abbreviation = "NV", Name = "Nevada ", Area = 110567, AreaSqrKms = 286368, AdmissionUnionDate = "10/31/1864", AdmissionUnionOrder = 36, Capital = "Frankfort ", Region = regions[4] };
Display(states);
Console.Write("Do you want to sort the list in alphabetical order (y/n)? ");
string answer = Console.ReadLine();
if (answer.ToLower().Equals("y"))
{
Array.Sort(states);
Display(states);
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Good Bye!!!");
Console.WriteLine("====================================================================================================");
}
return 1;
}
}
} United States of America
====================================================================================================
Area Admission to Union
# Abbrv State Name SqrMls Km2 Date Order Capital Region
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 RI Rhode Island 1545 4002 05/29/1790 13 Providence New England
2 OH Ohio 44828 116103 03/01/1803 17 Columbus East North Central
3 KY Kentucky 40411 104665 06/01/1792 15 Frankfort New England
4 IA Iowa 56276 145754 12/28/1846 29 Des Moines West North Central
5 WI Wisconsin 65503 169653 05/29/1848 30 Madison East North Central
6 VT Vermont 9615 24903 03/04/1791 14 Montpelier New England
7 ID Idaho 83574 216456 07/03/1890 43 Boise Mountain
8 ME Maine 35387 91653 03/15/1820 23 Augusta New England
9 OR Oregon 98386 254819 02/14/1859 33 Salem Pacific
10 ND North Dakota 70704 183123 11/02/1889 39 Bismarck West North Central
11 IN Indiana 36420 94328 12/11/1816 19 Indianapolis East North Central
12 MS Mississippi 48434 125443 12/10/1817 20 Jackson East South Central
13 TX Texas 268601 695676 12/29/1845 28 Austin West South Central
14 MT Montana 147046 380850 11/08/1889 41 Helena Mountain
15 NC North Carolina 53821 139397 11/21/1789 12 Raleigh South Atlantic
16 TN Tennessee 42146 109158 06/01/1796 16 Nashville East South Central
17 NE Nebraska 77358 200358 03/01/1867 37 Lincoln West North Central
18 IL Illinois 57918 150007 12/03/1818 21 Springfield East North Central
19 KS Kansas 82282 213110 01/29/1861 34 Topeka West North Central
20 NH New Hampshire 9351 24219 06/21/1788 9 Concord New England
21 DE Delaware 2489 6447 12/07/1787 1 Dover South Atlantic
22 NJ New Jersey 8722 22590 12/18/1787 3 Trenton Mid-Atlantic
23 AK Alaska 656424 1700139 01/03/1959 49 Juneau Pacific
24 NM New Mexico 121598 314939 01/06/1912 47 Santa Fe Mountain
25 NY New York 54475 141089 07/26/1788 11 Albany Mid-Atlantic
26 CA California 163707 424002 09/09/1850 31 Sacramento Pacific
27 MO Missouri 69709 180546 08/10/1821 24 Jefferson City West North Central
28 OK Oklahoma 69903 181049 11/16/1907 46 Oklahoma City West South Central
29 PA Pennsylvania 46058 119291 12/12/1787 2 Harrisburg Mid-Atlantic
30 SC South Carolina 32007 82898 05/23/1788 8 Columbia South Atlantic
31 WY Wyoming 97818 253349 07/10/1890 44 Cheyenne Mountain
32 SD South Dakota 77122 199745 11/02/1889 40 Pierre West North Central
33 UT Utah 84904 219902 01/04/1896 45 Salt Lake City Mountain
34 AL Alabama 52423 135775 12/14/1819 22 Montgomery East South Central
35 VT Vermont 9615 24903 03/04/1791 14 Montpelier New England
36 AR Arkansas 53182 137742 06/15/1836 25 Little Rock West South Central
37 WA Washington 71303 184674 11/11/1889 42 Olympia Pacific
38 AZ Arizona 114006 295276 02/14/1912 48 Phoenix Mountain
39 WV West Virginia 24231 62759 06/20/1863 35 Charleston South Atlantic
40 LA Louisiana 51844 134275 04/30/1812 18 Baton Rouge West South Central
41 MA Massachusetts 10555 27337 02/06/1788 6 Boston New England
42 FL Florida 65758 170313 03/03/1845 27 Tallahassee South Atlantic
43 GA Georgia 59441 153953 01/02/1788 4 Atlanta South Atlantic
44 HI Hawaii 10932 28313 08/21/1959 50 Honolulu Pacific
45 MD Maryland 12407 32135 04/28/1788 7 Annapolis South Atlantic
46 CO Colorado 104100 269620 08/01/1876 38 Denver Mountain
47 MI Michigan 98810 250738 01/26/1837 26 Lansing East North Central
48 MN Minnesota 86943 225182 05/11/1858 32 Saint Paul West North Central
49 CT Connecticut 5544 14358 01/09/1788 5 Hartford Mid-Atlantic
50 NV Nevada 110567 286368 10/31/1864 36 Frankfort Mountain
====================================================================================================
Do you want to sort the list in alphabetical order (y/n)? United States of America
====================================================================================================
Area Admission to Union
# Abbrv State Name SqrMls Km2 Date Order Capital Region
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 AL Alabama 52423 135775 12/14/1819 22 Montgomery East South Central
2 AK Alaska 656424 1700139 01/03/1959 49 Juneau Pacific
3 AZ Arizona 114006 295276 02/14/1912 48 Phoenix Mountain
4 AR Arkansas 53182 137742 06/15/1836 25 Little Rock West South Central
5 CA California 163707 424002 09/09/1850 31 Sacramento Pacific
6 CO Colorado 104100 269620 08/01/1876 38 Denver Mountain
7 CT Connecticut 5544 14358 01/09/1788 5 Hartford Mid-Atlantic
8 DE Delaware 2489 6447 12/07/1787 1 Dover South Atlantic
9 FL Florida 65758 170313 03/03/1845 27 Tallahassee South Atlantic
10 GA Georgia 59441 153953 01/02/1788 4 Atlanta South Atlantic
11 HI Hawaii 10932 28313 08/21/1959 50 Honolulu Pacific
12 ID Idaho 83574 216456 07/03/1890 43 Boise Mountain
13 IL Illinois 57918 150007 12/03/1818 21 Springfield East North Central
14 IN Indiana 36420 94328 12/11/1816 19 Indianapolis East North Central
15 IA Iowa 56276 145754 12/28/1846 29 Des Moines West North Central
16 KS Kansas 82282 213110 01/29/1861 34 Topeka West North Central
17 KY Kentucky 40411 104665 06/01/1792 15 Frankfort New England
18 LA Louisiana 51844 134275 04/30/1812 18 Baton Rouge West South Central
19 ME Maine 35387 91653 03/15/1820 23 Augusta New England
20 MD Maryland 12407 32135 04/28/1788 7 Annapolis South Atlantic
21 MA Massachusetts 10555 27337 02/06/1788 6 Boston New England
22 MI Michigan 98810 250738 01/26/1837 26 Lansing East North Central
23 MN Minnesota 86943 225182 05/11/1858 32 Saint Paul West North Central
24 MS Mississippi 48434 125443 12/10/1817 20 Jackson East South Central
25 MO Missouri 69709 180546 08/10/1821 24 Jefferson City West North Central
26 MT Montana 147046 380850 11/08/1889 41 Helena Mountain
27 NE Nebraska 77358 200358 03/01/1867 37 Lincoln West North Central
28 NV Nevada 110567 286368 10/31/1864 36 Frankfort Mountain
29 NH New Hampshire 9351 24219 06/21/1788 9 Concord New England
30 NJ New Jersey 8722 22590 12/18/1787 3 Trenton Mid-Atlantic
31 NM New Mexico 121598 314939 01/06/1912 47 Santa Fe Mountain
32 NY New York 54475 141089 07/26/1788 11 Albany Mid-Atlantic
33 NC North Carolina 53821 139397 11/21/1789 12 Raleigh South Atlantic
34 ND North Dakota 70704 183123 11/02/1889 39 Bismarck West North Central
35 OH Ohio 44828 116103 03/01/1803 17 Columbus East North Central
36 OK Oklahoma 69903 181049 11/16/1907 46 Oklahoma City West South Central
37 OR Oregon 98386 254819 02/14/1859 33 Salem Pacific
38 PA Pennsylvania 46058 119291 12/12/1787 2 Harrisburg Mid-Atlantic
39 RI Rhode Island 1545 4002 05/29/1790 13 Providence New England
40 SC South Carolina 32007 82898 05/23/1788 8 Columbia South Atlantic
41 SD South Dakota 77122 199745 11/02/1889 40 Pierre West North Central
42 TN Tennessee 42146 109158 06/01/1796 16 Nashville East South Central
43 TX Texas 268601 695676 12/29/1845 28 Austin West South Central
44 UT Utah 84904 219902 01/04/1896 45 Salt Lake City Mountain
45 VT Vermont 9615 24903 03/04/1791 14 Montpelier New England
46 VT Vermont 9615 24903 03/04/1791 14 Montpelier New England
47 WA Washington 71303 184674 11/11/1889 42 Olympia Pacific
48 WV West Virginia 24231 62759 06/20/1863 35 Charleston South Atlantic
49 WI Wisconsin 65503 169653 05/29/1848 30 Madison East North Central
50 WY Wyoming 97818 253349 07/10/1890 44 Cheyenne Mountain
====================================================================================================
Press any key to continue . . .Finding an Item in an Array
The Array class provides various means of looking for, or locating, an element in an array.
To support binary search, the Array class is equipped with a method named BinarySearch that is overloaded in 8 versions. One of the versions uses the following syntax:
public static int BinarySearch(Array array, object value);
Before calling this method, you can sort the array. Here is an example of calling it:
using System;
public class Exercise
{
public static void Main()
{
int[] numbers = new[] { 102, 44, 525, 38, 6, 28, 24481, 327, 632, 104 };
Console.WriteLine("List of Numbers");
Array.Sort(numbers);
foreach (var number in numbers)
Console.WriteLine("Number: " + number);
Console.WriteLine("-------------------------");
int index = Array.BinarySearch(numbers, 525);
Console.WriteLine("The index of 525 is " + index);
Console.WriteLine("=================================");
}
}
This would produce:
List of Numbers Number: 6 Number: 28 Number: 38 Number: 44 Number: 102 Number: 104 Number: 327 Number: 525 Number: 632 Number: 24481 ------------------------- The index of 525 is 7 ================================= Press any key to continue . . .
Locating the Index of an Element
One of the most routine operations you can perform on an array is to find out whether it contains this or that value. For example, if the array contains a certain member, you may want to retrieve the index of that member. To assist you with this, the Array class is equipped with a method named IndexOf() method that comes in various versions. To apply it on the type of array we have used so far, you can use the following syntax:
public static int IndexOf(Array array, object value);
This method visits each member of the array, looking for the value. Once it finds value in the array, it stops and returns the index where the first occurrence of value was found. If the Array.IndexOf() method finds the value in the array, it returns its position. Here is an example of calling it:
using System;
public class Exercise
{
public static void Main()
{
double[] numbers = new[]
{
7628.937, 6.48, 574.9, 293749.064,
0.70257, 314.905, 80458.01
};
Console.WriteLine("List of Numbers");
foreach (var number in numbers)
Console.WriteLine("Number: " + number);
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------");
int index = Array.IndexOf(numbers, 314.905);
Console.WriteLine("The index of 314.905 is " + index);
Console.WriteLine("=================================");
}
}
This would produce:
List of Numbers Number: 7628.937 Number: 6.48 Number: 574.9 Number: 293749.064 Number: 0.70257 Number: 314.905 Number: 80458.01 --------------------------- The index of 314.905 is 5 ================================= Press any key to continue . . .
If the item is not found in the array, the method may return -1.
The IndexOf() method actually looks for the first occurrence of an item in an array. If you prefer to get the last occurrence of that item in the array, you can call the Array.LastIndexOf() method. It also is overloaded in three versions.
Deleting Items From an Array
Deleting an item array consists of removing it from the list. The Array class allows you to delete one element or a range of items from an array. To support these operations, the class is equipped with a static method named Clear. Its syntax is:
public static void Clear(Array array, int index, int length);
The first argument of this method is the name of the array on which the operation is performed. The second argument is the index of the item where the deletion will occur or start. If that second index exists in the array, the third argument specifies the number of items to remove. If an item is deleted, it receives a default value. For example, if it is a number, it gets a 0 value.
If you want to delete just one item, provide its index as the second argument and 1 as the third. Here is an example:
using System;
public class Exercise
{
public static void Main()
{
double[] numbers = new[]
{
7628.937, 6.48, 574.9, 293749.064,
0.70257, 314.905, 80458.01
};
Console.WriteLine("Original List of Numbers");
foreach (var number in numbers)
Console.WriteLine("Number: " + number);
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------");
Array.Clear(numbers, 2, 1);
Console.WriteLine("Modified List of Numbers");
foreach (var number in numbers)
Console.WriteLine("Number: " + number);
Console.WriteLine("=================================");
}
}
This would produce:
Original List of Numbers Number: 7628.937 Number: 6.48 Number: 574.9 Number: 293749.064 Number: 0.70257 Number: 314.905 Number: 80458.01 --------------------------- Modified List of Numbers Number: 7628.937 Number: 6.48 Number: 0 Number: 293749.064 Number: 0.70257 Number: 314.905 Number: 80458.01 ================================= Press any key to continue . . .
To delete a range of items, pass the starting index as the second argument and pass the length of the range (the number of items to delete from the starting range) as the second argument. Here is an example:
using System;
public class Exercise
{
public static void Main()
{
double[] numbers = new[]
{
7628.937, 6.48, 574.9, 293749.064,
0.70257, 314.905, 80458.01
};
Console.WriteLine("Original List of Numbers");
foreach (var number in numbers)
Console.WriteLine("Number: " + number);
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------");
Array.Clear(numbers, 2, 3);
Console.WriteLine("Modified List of Numbers");
foreach (var number in numbers)
Console.WriteLine("Number: " + number);
Console.WriteLine("=================================");
}
}
This would produce:
Original List of Numbers Number: 7628.937 Number: 6.48 Number: 574.9 Number: 293749.064 Number: 0.70257 Number: 314.905 Number: 80458.01 --------------------------- Modified List of Numbers Number: 7628.937 Number: 6.48 Number: 0 Number: 0 Number: 0 Number: 314.905 Number: 80458.01 ================================= Press any key to continue . . .
Clearing an array consists of deleting all of its elements and setting the count to 0. To do it, call the Array.Clear() method. Pass 0 as the second argument and the length of the array as the third argument. Here is an example:
using System;
public class Exercise
{
public static void Main()
{
double[] numbers = new[]
{
7628.937, 6.48, 574.9, 293749.064,
0.70257, 314.905, 80458.01
};
Console.WriteLine("Original List of Numbers");
foreach (var number in numbers)
Console.WriteLine("Number: " + number);
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------");
Array.Clear(numbers, 0, numbers.Length);
Console.WriteLine("Modified List of Numbers");
foreach (var number in numbers)
Console.WriteLine("Number: " + number);
Console.WriteLine("=================================");
}
}
This would produce:
Original List of Numbers Number: 7628.937 Number: 6.48 Number: 574.9 Number: 293749.064 Number: 0.70257 Number: 314.905 Number: 80458.01 --------------------------- Modified List of Numbers Number: 0 Number: 0 Number: 0 Number: 0 Number: 0 Number: 0 Number: 0 ================================= Press any key to continue . . .
Multidimensional Arrays
Two-Dimensional Arrays
The Array class supports the creation of any of the types of arrays we saw in the previous lessons. In the previous lesson, we saw that a two-dimensional array was an array made of two lists:
var members = new string[List1Length, List2Length];
To create such an array using the Array class, you can use the following version of the Array.CreateInstance() method:
public static Array CreateInstance(Type elementType, int length1, int length2)
The first argument is the type of array you want to create. The second argument is the length of the first list. The third argument is the length of the second list. Here are examples of using it:
using System;
public class Exercise
{
public static void Main()
{
Array numbers = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(double), 6, 3);
var names = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(string), 2, 4);
dynamic distances = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(string), 5, 17);
}
}
To specify the values of a two-dimensional array, you can use the following version of the Array.SetValue() method:
public void SetValue(object value, int index1, int index2)
The first argument is the value you want to add. The second argument is the index of the list. The second argument is the index of the element that is being added. Here is an example:
using System;
public class Exercise
{
public static void Main()
{
var members = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(string), 2, 4);
members.SetValue("Celeste", 0, 0); // 1st List - 1st Element
members.SetValue("Mathurin", 0, 1); // 1st List - 2nd Element
members.SetValue("Alex", 0, 2); // 1st List - 3rd Element
members.SetValue("Germain", 0, 3); // 1st List - 4th Element
members.SetValue("Jeremy", 1, 0); // 2nd List - 1st Element
members.SetValue("Mathew", 1, 1); // 1st List - 2nd Element
members.SetValue("Anselme", 1, 2); // 1st List - 3rd Element
members.SetValue("Frederique", 1, 3);// 1st List - 4th Element
}
}
Just as mentioned for the one-dimensional array, you can use the square brackets to create the array but call the SetValue() method to specify the value of each element.
To access a member of a two-dimensional array created with the Array.SetValue() method, you use the following version of the Array.GetValue() method:
public object GetValue(int index1, int index2)
This method takes two arguments. The first argument is the index of the list where the desired member resides. The second argument is the index of the element itself. Here is an example:
using System;
public class Exercise
{
public static void Main()
{
var members = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(string), 2, 4);
members.SetValue("Celeste", 0, 0); // 1st List - 1st Element
members.SetValue("Mathurin", 0, 1); // 1st List - 2nd Element
members.SetValue("Alex", 0, 2); // 1st List - 3rd Element
members.SetValue("Germain", 0, 3); // 1st List - 4th Element
members.SetValue("Jeremy", 1, 0); // 2nd List - 1st Element
members.SetValue("Mathew", 1, 1); // 1st List - 2nd Element
members.SetValue("Anselme", 1, 2); // 1st List - 3rd Element
members.SetValue("Frederique", 1, 3);// 1st List - 4th Element
Console.WriteLine("Member: " + members.GetValue(0, 2));
Console.WriteLine("=================================");
}
}
To access each member of the list, you can use two for loops. Use the first loop to access each list. Nest a second loop to it to access each member. To get the dimension of the main list, you can call the Array.GetLength() method and specify its argument as 0. For the internal loop, pass 1 as the argument to the Array.GetLength() method. Here is an example:
using System;
public class Exercise
{
public static void Main()
{
var members = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(string), 2, 4);
members.SetValue("Celeste", 0, 0); // 1st List - 1st Element
members.SetValue("Mathurin", 0, 1); // 1st List - 2nd Element
members.SetValue("Alex", 0, 2); // 1st List - 3rd Element
members.SetValue("Germain", 0, 3); // 1st List - 4th Element
members.SetValue("Jeremy", 1, 0); // 2nd List - 1st Element
members.SetValue("Mathew", 1, 1); // 1st List - 2nd Element
members.SetValue("Anselme", 1, 2); // 1st List - 3rd Element
members.SetValue("Frederique", 1, 3);// 1st List - 4th Element
for (int list = 0; list < members.GetLength(0); list++)
for (int counter = 0; counter < members.GetLength(1); counter++)
Console.WriteLine("Member: " + members.GetValue(list, counter));
Console.WriteLine("=================================");
}
}
This would produce:
Member: Celeste Member: Mathurin Member: Alex Member: Germain Member: Jeremy Member: Mathew Member: Anselme Member: Frederique ================================= Press any key to continue . . .
You can also use a foreach operator to access each member of the array. When using it, there is no need for a counter. Here is an example:
using System;
public class Exercise
{
public static void Main()
{
var members = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(string), 2, 4);
members.SetValue("Celeste", 0, 0); // 1st List - 1st Element
members.SetValue("Mathurin", 0, 1); // 1st List - 2nd Element
members.SetValue("Alex", 0, 2); // 1st List - 3rd Element
members.SetValue("Germain", 0, 3); // 1st List - 4th Element
members.SetValue("Jeremy", 1, 0); // 2nd List - 1st Element
members.SetValue("Mathew", 1, 1); // 1st List - 2nd Element
members.SetValue("Anselme", 1, 2); // 1st List - 3rd Element
members.SetValue("Frederique", 1, 3);// 1st List - 4th Element
foreach (var member in members)
Console.WriteLine("Member: " + member);
Console.WriteLine("=================================");
}
}
Three-Dimensional Arrays
Instead of two dimensions, you may want to create a three-dimensional arrays. A 3-D array is an array that, if created with the square brackets, would use two commas. Here is an example:
public class Exercise
{
public static void Main()
{
double[,,] number;
}
}
To create such an array using the Array class, you can usethe following version of its CreateInstance() method:
public static Array CreateInstance(Type elementType, int length1, int length2, int length3)
Here is an example:
@{
var number = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(double), 2, 3, 5);
}
To specify the value of each member of the three-dimensional array, you can call the following version of the Array.SetValue() method:
public void SetValue(Object value, int index1, int index2, int index3)
Here is an example:
using System;
public class Exercise
{
public static void Main()
{
var number = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(double), 2, 3, 5);
number.SetValue(12.44, 0, 0, 0);
number.SetValue(525.38, 0, 0, 1);
number.SetValue(-6.28, 0, 0, 2);
. . .
number.SetValue(-166.07, 1, 2, 2);
number.SetValue(4444.26, 1, 2, 3);
number.SetValue(408.62, 1, 2, 4);
}
}
To get the value of each member of the three-dimensional array, you can call the following version of the Array.GetValue() method:
public Object GetValue(int index1, int index2, int index3)
Here is an example:
using System;
public class Exercise
{
public static void Main()
{
var number = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(double), 2, 3, 5);
number.SetValue(12.44, 0, 0, 0);
number.SetValue(525.38, 0, 0, 1);
number.SetValue(-6.28, 0, 0, 2);
number.SetValue(2448.32, 0, 0, 3);
number.SetValue(632.04, 0, 0, 4);
number.SetValue(-378.05, 0, 1, 0);
number.SetValue(48.14, 0, 1, 1);
number.SetValue(634.18, 0, 1, 2);
number.SetValue(762.48, 0, 1, 3);
number.SetValue(83.02, 0, 1, 4);
number.SetValue(64.92, 0, 2, 0);
number.SetValue(-7.44, 0, 2, 1);
number.SetValue(86.74, 0, 2, 2);
number.SetValue(-534.60, 0, 2, 3);
number.SetValue(386.73, 0, 2, 4);
number.SetValue(48.02, 1, 0, 0);
number.SetValue(120.44, 1, 0, 1);
number.SetValue(38.62, 1, 0, 2);
number.SetValue(526.82, 1, 0, 3);
number.SetValue(1704.62, 1, 0, 4);
number.SetValue(56.85, 1, 1, 0);
number.SetValue(105.48, 1, 1, 1);
number.SetValue(363.31, 1, 1, 2);
number.SetValue(172.62, 1, 1, 3);
number.SetValue(128.48, 1, 1, 4);
number.SetValue(906.68, 1, 2, 0);
number.SetValue(47.12, 1, 2, 1);
number.SetValue(-166.07, 1, 2, 2);
number.SetValue(4444.26, 1, 2, 3);
number.SetValue(408.62, 1, 2, 4);
Console.WriteLine("Number: " + number.GetValue(0, 2, 4));
Console.WriteLine("===================================");
}
}
This would produce:
Number: 386.73 =================================== Press any key to continue . . .
To access each member of the array, you can use three for loops. Here is an example:
using System;
public class Exercise
{
public static void Main()
{
var number = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(double), 2, 3, 5);
number.SetValue(12.44, 0, 0, 0);
number.SetValue(525.38, 0, 0, 1);
number.SetValue(-6.28, 0, 0, 2);
number.SetValue(2448.32, 0, 0, 3);
number.SetValue(632.04, 0, 0, 4);
number.SetValue(-378.05, 0, 1, 0);
number.SetValue(48.14, 0, 1, 1);
number.SetValue(634.18, 0, 1, 2);
number.SetValue(762.48, 0, 1, 3);
number.SetValue(83.02, 0, 1, 4);
number.SetValue(64.92, 0, 2, 0);
number.SetValue(-7.44, 0, 2, 1);
number.SetValue(86.74, 0, 2, 2);
number.SetValue(-534.60, 0, 2, 3);
number.SetValue(386.73, 0, 2, 4);
number.SetValue(48.02, 1, 0, 0);
number.SetValue(120.44, 1, 0, 1);
number.SetValue(38.62, 1, 0, 2);
number.SetValue(526.82, 1, 0, 3);
number.SetValue(1704.62, 1, 0, 4);
number.SetValue(56.85, 1, 1, 0);
number.SetValue(105.48, 1, 1, 1);
number.SetValue(363.31, 1, 1, 2);
number.SetValue(172.62, 1, 1, 3);
number.SetValue(128.48, 1, 1, 4);
number.SetValue(906.68, 1, 2, 0);
number.SetValue(47.12, 1, 2, 1);
number.SetValue(-166.07, 1, 2, 2);
number.SetValue(4444.26, 1, 2, 3);
number.SetValue(408.62, 1, 2, 4);
for (int m = 0; m < number.GetLength(0); m++)
{
for (int n = 0; n < number.GetLength(1); n++)
{
for (int element = 0; element < number.GetLength(2); element++)
{
Console.WriteLine("Number: " + number.GetValue(m, n, element));
}
}
}
Console.WriteLine("===================================");
}
}
This would produce:
Number: 12.44 Number: 525.38 Number: -6.28 Number: 2448.32 Number: 632.04 Number: -378.05 Number: 48.14 Number: 634.18 Number: 762.48 Number: 83.02 Number: 64.92 Number: -7.44 Number: 86.74 Number: -534.6 Number: 386.73 Number: 48.02 Number: 120.44 Number: 38.62 Number: 526.82 Number: 1704.62 Number: 56.85 Number: 105.48 Number: 363.31 Number: 172.62 Number: 128.48 Number: 906.68 Number: 47.12 Number: -166.07 Number: 4444.26 Number: 408.62 =================================== Press any key to continue . . .
You can also use a foreach loop to access each member of the array. Here is an example:
using System;
public class Exercise
{
public static void Main()
{
var numbers = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(double), 2, 3, 5);
numbers.SetValue(12.44, 0, 0, 0);
numbers.SetValue(525.38, 0, 0, 1);
numbers.SetValue(-6.28, 0, 0, 2);
numbers.SetValue(2448.32, 0, 0, 3);
numbers.SetValue(632.04, 0, 0, 4);
numbers.SetValue(-378.05, 0, 1, 0);
numbers.SetValue(48.14, 0, 1, 1);
numbers.SetValue(634.18, 0, 1, 2);
numbers.SetValue(762.48, 0, 1, 3);
numbers.SetValue(83.02, 0, 1, 4);
numbers.SetValue(64.92, 0, 2, 0);
numbers.SetValue(-7.44, 0, 2, 1);
numbers.SetValue(86.74, 0, 2, 2);
numbers.SetValue(-534.60, 0, 2, 3);
numbers.SetValue(386.73, 0, 2, 4);
numbers.SetValue(48.02, 1, 0, 0);
numbers.SetValue(120.44, 1, 0, 1);
numbers.SetValue(38.62, 1, 0, 2);
numbers.SetValue(526.82, 1, 0, 3);
numbers.SetValue(1704.62, 1, 0, 4);
numbers.SetValue(56.85, 1, 1, 0);
numbers.SetValue(105.48, 1, 1, 1);
numbers.SetValue(363.31, 1, 1, 2);
numbers.SetValue(172.62, 1, 1, 3);
numbers.SetValue(128.48, 1, 1, 4);
numbers.SetValue(906.68, 1, 2, 0);
numbers.SetValue(47.12, 1, 2, 1);
numbers.SetValue(-166.07, 1, 2, 2);
numbers.SetValue(4444.26, 1, 2, 3);
numbers.SetValue(408.62, 1, 2, 4);
foreach (double number in numbers)
{
Console.WriteLine("Number: " + number);
}
Console.WriteLine("===================================");
}
}
Multidimensional Arrays
The Array class supports all dimensions of arrays beyond three. To create a multidimensional array, the class is equipped with the following version of its CreateInstance() method:
public static Array CreateInstance(Type elementType, params int[] lengths)
To add elements to the list, you can use the following equivalent version of the SetValue() method:
public void SetValue(object value, params int[] indices)
To get the value of an element, you would call the following version of the GetValue() method:
public Object GetValue(params int[] indices)
Getting Other Information About an Array
The Lower Bound of an Array
To better manage an array, the compiler must always be able to locate its highest and its lowest members. This is particularly important because an array must have a size.
The lowest member of an array can be located using the Array.GetLowerBound() method. Its syntax is:
public int GetLowerBound(int dimension);
The Upper Bound of an Array
The highest member of an array can be located using the Array.GetUpperBound() method. Its syntax is:
public int GetUpperBound(int dimension);
In both cases, the dimension argument is the rank of the array. For a single-dimensional array, as those we have always used so far, this parameter must have the value of 0.
Practical Learning: Ending the Lesson
|
|
||
| Previous | Copyright © 2008-2019, FunctionX | Home |
|
|
||