Introduction

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        HouseType type = HouseType.Unknown;
        int choice;
        decimal value = 0M;

        Console.WriteLine("Enter the type of house you want to purchase");
        Console.WriteLine("1. Single Family");
        Console.WriteLine("2. Townhouse");
        Console.WriteLine("3. Condominium");
        Console.Write("You Choice? ");
        choice = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

        if (choice == 1)
            type = HouseType.SingleFamily;
        if (choice == 2)
            type = HouseType.Townhouse;
        if (choice == 3)
            type = HouseType.Condominium;

        Console.Write("Up to how much can you afford? $");
        value = decimal.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

        Console.WriteLine("\nDesired House Type:      {0}", type);
        Console.WriteLine("Maximum value afforded:  {0:C}\n", value);
    }
}

Suppose a customer responds to these questions: she indicates that she wants single family house but she cannot afford more than $550,000:

Enter the type of house you want to purchase
1. Single Family
2. Townhouse
3. Condominium
You Choice? 1
Up to how much can you afford? $550000

Desired House Type:      SingleFamily
Maximum value afforded:  $550,000.00

Press any key to continue . . .

When considering a house for this customer, there are two details to be validated here: the house must be a single family home, second, it must cost less than $550,001. We can create two statements as follows:

1. The house is single family
2. The house costs less than $550,001

From our list of real estate properties, if we find a house that is a single family home, we put it in our list of considered properties:

On the other hand, if we find a house that is less than or equal to $550,000, we retain it:

One of the ways you can combine two comparisons is by joining them. For our customer, we want a house to meet BOTH criteria. If the house is a town house, based on the request of our customer, its conditional value is false. If the house is more than $550,000, the value of the Boolean Value is true. The Boolean operator used to join two criteria is called AND. This can be illustrated as follows:

In C#, the Boolean AND operator is performed using the && operator. Here is an example:

using System;

public enum HouseType
{
    Unknown,
    SingleFamily,
    Townhouse,
    Condominium
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        HouseType type = HouseType.Unknown;
        int choice;
        decimal value = 0M;

        Console.WriteLine("Enter the type of house you want to purchase");
        Console.WriteLine("1. Single Family");
        Console.WriteLine("2. Townhouse");
        Console.WriteLine("3. Condominium");
        Console.Write("You Choice? ");
        choice = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

        Console.Write("Up to how much can you afford? $");
        value = decimal.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

        if(choice == 1)
            type = HouseType.SingleFamily;
        if (choice == 2)
            type = HouseType.Townhouse;
        if (choice == 3)
            type = HouseType.Condominium;
        Console.WriteLine("\nDesired House Type:      {0}", type);
        Console.WriteLine("Maximum value afforded:  {0:C}", value);

        if (type == HouseType.SingleFamily && value <= 550000)
            Console.WriteLine("\nDesired House Matched");
    }
}

Here is an example of running the program:

Enter the type of house you want to purchase
1. Single Family
2. Townhouse
3. Condominium
You Choice? 1
Up to how much can you afford? $450000

Desired House Type:      SingleFamily
Maximum value afforded:  $450,000.00

Desired House Matched
Press any key to continue . . .

By definition, a logical conjunction combines two conditions. To make the program easier to read, each side of the conditions can be included in parentheses. Here is an example:

using System;

public enum HouseType
{
    Unknown,
    SingleFamily,
    Townhouse,
    Condominium
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        HouseType type = HouseType.Unknown;
        int choice;
        decimal value = 0M;

        . . .

        if( (type == HouseType.SingleFamily) && (value <= 550000) )
            Console.WriteLine("\nDesired House Matched");
    }
}

Suppose we find a single family home. The first condition is true for our customer. With the AND Boolean operator, if the first condition is true, then we consider the second criterion. Suppose that the house we are considering costs $750,500: the price is out of the customer's range. Therefore, the second condition is false. In the AND Boolean algebra, if the second condition is false, even if the first is true, the whole condition is false. This would produce the following table:

This can be illustrated by the following run of the program:

using System;

public enum HouseType
{
    Unknown,
    SingleFamily,
    Townhouse,
    Condominium
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        HouseType type = HouseType.Unknown;
        int choice;
        decimal value = 0M;

        Console.WriteLine("Enter the type of house you want to purchase");
        Console.WriteLine("1. Single Family");
        Console.WriteLine("2. Townhouse");
        Console.WriteLine("3. Condominium");
        Console.Write("You Choice? ");
        choice = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

        if (choice == 1)
            type = HouseType.SingleFamily;
        if (choice == 2)
            type = HouseType.Townhouse;
        if (choice == 3)
            type = HouseType.Condominium;

        Console.Write("Up to how much can you afford? $");
        value = decimal.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

        Console.WriteLine("\nDesired House Type:      {0}", type);
        Console.WriteLine("Maximum value afforded:  {0:C}", value);

        if (type == HouseType.SingleFamily && value <= 550000)
            Console.WriteLine("\nDesired House Matched");
        else
            Console.WriteLine("\nThe House Doesn't Match the Desired Criteria");
    }
}

Here is an example of running the program:

Enter the type of house you want to purchase
1. Single Family
2. Townhouse
3. Condominium
You Choice? 1
Up to how much can you afford? $750000

Desired House Type:      SingleFamily
Maximum value afforded:  $750,000.00

The House Doesn't Match the Desired Criteria
Press any key to continue . . .

Suppose we find a townhouse that costs $420,000. Although the second condition is true, the first is false. In Boolean algebra, an AND operation is false if either condition is false:

Here is an example of running the above program:

Enter the type of house you want to purchase
1. Single Family
2. Townhouse
3. Condominium
You Choice? 2
Up to how much can you afford? $420000

Desired House Type:      Townhouse
Maximum value afforded:  $420,000.00

The House Doesn't Match the Desired Criteria
Press any key to continue . . .

If we find a single family home that costs $345,000, both conditions are true. In Boolean algebra, an AND operation is true if BOTH conditions are true. This can be illustrated as follows:

This can be revealed in the following run of the above program:

Enter the type of house you want to purchase
1. Single Family
2. Townhouse
3. Condominium
You Choice? 1
Up to how much can you afford? $345000

Desired House Type:      SingleFamily
Maximum value afforded:  $345,000.00

Desired House Matched
Press any key to continue . . .

These four tables can be resumed as follows:

As you can see, a logical conjunction is true only of BOTH conditions are true.

As seen above, the logical conjunction operator is used to combine two conditions. In some cases, you will need to combine more than two conditions. Imagine a customer wants to purchase a single family house that costs up to $450,000 with an indoor garage. This means that the house must fulfill these three requirements:

1. The house is a single family home
2. The house costs less than $450,001
3. The house has an indoor garage

Here is the program that could be used to check these conditions:

using System;

public enum HouseType
{
    Unknown,
    SingleFamily,
    Townhouse,
    Condominium
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        HouseType type = HouseType.Unknown;
        int choice;
        decimal value = 0M;
        bool hasIndoorGarage;

        Console.WriteLine("Enter the type of house you want to purchase");
        Console.WriteLine("1. Single Family");
        Console.WriteLine("2. Townhouse");
        Console.WriteLine("3. Condominium");
        Console.Write("You Choice? ");
        choice = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

        if (choice == 1)
            type = HouseType.SingleFamily;
        if (choice == 2)
            type = HouseType.Townhouse;
        if (choice == 3)
            type = HouseType.Condominium;

        Console.Write("Up to how much can you afford? $");
        value = decimal.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

        Console.Write("Does the house have an indoor garage (1=Yes/0=No)? ");
        int ans = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

        Console.WriteLine("\nDesired House Type:      {0}", type);
        Console.WriteLine("Maximum value afforded:  {0:C}", value);
        Console.Write("House has indoor garage: ");
        if (ans == 1)
            Console.WriteLine("Yes");
        else
            Console.WriteLine("No");

        if ((type == HouseType.SingleFamily) && (value <= 550000) && (ans == 1))
            Console.WriteLine("\nDesired House Matched");
        else
            Console.WriteLine("\nThe House Doesn't Match the Desired Criteria");
    }
}

We saw that when two conditions are combined, the compiler first checks the first condition, followed by the second. In the same way, if three conditions need to be considered, the compiler evaluates the truthfulness of the first condition:

If the first condition (or any condition) is false, the whole condition is false, regardless of the outcome of the other(s). If the first condition is true, then the second condition is evaluated for its truthfulness:

If the second condition is false, the whole combination is considered false:

When evaluating three conditions, if either the first or the second is false, since the whole condition would become false, there is no reason to evaluate the third. If both the first and the second conditions are false, there is also no reason to evaluate the third condition. Only if the first two conditions are true will the third condition be evaluated:

The combination of these conditions in a logical conjunction can be written as A && B && C. If the third condition is false, the whole combination is considered false:

To verify this, here is an example of running the program:

Enter the type of house you want to purchase
1. Single Family
2. Townhouse
3. Condominium
You Choice? 1
Up to how much can you afford? $425000
Does the house have an indoor garage (1=Yes/0=No)? 0

Desired House Type:      SingleFamily
Maximum value afforded:  $425,000.00
House has indoor garage: No

The House Doesn't Match the Desired Criteria
Press any key to continue . . .

From our discussion so far, the truth table of the combinations can be illustrated as follows:

The whole combination is true only if all three conditions are true. This can be illustrated as follows: