Counting and Looping

Conditional Looping

Introduction

A loop is a type of conditional statement that keeps checking a condition and executing a statement until the condition is false.

1. Start Microsoft Visual Studio
2. To create a new application, on the main menu, click File -> New Project...
3. In the middle list, click Empty Project
4. Change the Name to NationalBank4 and press Enter
5. To create a new file, on the main menu, click Project -> Add New Item...
6. In the middle list, click Code File
7. Change the Name of the file to Customer
8. Click Add
9. Complete the Customer.cs file as follows:
   

   public enum AccountType { Checking, Saving, Other }
   
   public class Customer
   {
       public string AccountNumber;
       public AccountType   Type;
       public string FullName;
       public double Balance;
       public short  PIN;
   
       public Customer(string acnt = "000-000000-000",
                       AccountType category = AccountType.Other,
                       string name = "John Doe")
       {
           AccountNumber = acnt;
           Type = category;
           FullName = name;
           PIN = 0;
           Balance = 0.00D;
       }
   }

10. To create a new file, in the Solution Explorer, right-click NationalBank4 -> Add -> New Item...
11. In the middle list, make sure Code File is selected.
    Change the Name to Management and press Enter
12. Complete the file as follows:

    using System;
    
    public class Management
    {
        private Customer CreateNewAccount()
        {
            byte typeOfAccount = 0;
            Customer client = new Customer();
    
            Console.WriteLine("===========================================");
            Console.WriteLine("==-= National Bank =-======================");
            Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------------------");
            Console.Write("Enter a number for the new account(000-000000-000): ");
            client.AccountNumber = Console.ReadLine();
            Console.WriteLine("What type of account the customer wants to open");
            Console.WriteLine("1 - Checking Account");
            Console.WriteLine("2 - Savings Account");
            Console.Write("Enter account type: ");
            typeOfAccount = byte.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            if (typeOfAccount == 1)
                client.Type = AccountType.Checking;
            else if (typeOfAccount == 2)
                client.Type = AccountType.Saving;
            else
                client.Type = AccountType.Other;
            Console.Write("Enter customer name: ");
            client.FullName = Console.ReadLine();
            Console.Write("Ask the customer to enter a PIN: ");
            client.PIN = short.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
    
            return client;
        }
    
        public double GetMoney()
        {
            double amount = 0;
    
            Console.Write("Amount: ");
            amount = double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            return amount;
        }
    
        private void ShowAccountInformation(Customer cust)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("===========================================");
            Console.WriteLine("==-= National Bank =-======================");
            Console.WriteLine("Customer Account Information");
            Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------------------");
            Console.WriteLine("Account #:    {0}", cust.AccountNumber);
            Console.WriteLine("Account Type: {0}", cust.Type);
            Console.WriteLine("Full Name:    {0}", cust.FullName);
            Console.WriteLine("PIN #:        {0}", cust.PIN);
            Console.WriteLine("Balance:      {0:F}", cust.Balance);
            Console.WriteLine("===========================================");
        }
        
        public static int Main()
        {
            return 0;
        }
    }

One of the operators used to perform a loop is called while. To create a while loop:

• Use the following formula:

  while(Condition) Statement;

• Right-click the section where you want to add it and click Insert Snippet... Double-click Visual C#. In the list, double-click while

To execute a while condition, the compiler first examines the Condition. If the Condition is true, then it executes the Statement. After executing the Statement, the Condition is checked again. AS LONG AS the Condition is true, it will keep executing the Statement. When or once the Condition becomes false, it exits the loop:

Here is an example:

using System;

public class Exercise
{
    public static int Main()
    {
        var stories = 0;
	
        while( stories <= 4 )
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Number {0}", stories);
            stories++;
        }
	
	return 0;
    }
}

This would produce:

Number 0
Number 1
Number 2
Number 3
Number 4

Press any key to continue . . .

To effectively execute a while condition, you should make sure you provide a mechanism for the compiler to use or get a reference value for the condition, variable, or expression being checked. This is sometimes in the form of a variable being initialized although it could be some other expression. Such a while condition could be illustrated as follows:

1. Change the Management.cs file as follows:

   using System;
   
   public class Management
   {
       private Customer CreateNewAccount()
       {
           . . . No Change
   
       public static int Main()
       {
           int? Counter = 1;
   
           Customer accountHolder = null;
           Management registration = new Management();
   
           Console.Title = "National Bank";
   
           while (Counter < 5)
           {
               accountHolder = registration.CreateNewAccount();
               Console.WriteLine("Enter the customer's initial deposit");
               accountHolder.Balance = registration.GetMoney();
               Console.Clear();
   
               registration.ShowAccountInformation(accountHolder);
               Counter++;
   
               Console.WriteLine("Press Enter for Next Action");
               Console.ReadKey();
               Console.Clear();
           }
   
           return 0;
       }
   }

2. Press F5 to execute
3. Enter information as follows:
    

   Account #	202-410443-240
   Account Type:	1
   Customer Name:	Paul Martin Eloundou
   PIN:	8402
   Initial Deposit:	750

   ---

   Account #:	202-103344-042
   Account Type:	2
   Customer Name:	Jimmy Simms
   PIN:	2468
   Initial Deposit	500

   ---

   Account #	410-240301-443
   Account Type:	2
   Customer Name:	Eya Miri
   PIN:	1119
   Initial Deposit:	1500

   ---

   Account #	718-202404-240
   Account Type:	1
   Customer Name:	Alain Gassila
   PIN:	2226
   Initial Deposit:	220.8

4. Press Enter
5. Press Enter to close the DOS window and return to your programming environment

The while loop is used to first check a condition and then execute a statement. If the condition is false, the statement would never execute. Consider the following program:

using System;

public class Exercise
{
    public static int Main()
    {
        var stories = 5;

        while (stories <= 4)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Number {0}", stories);
            stories++;
        }
	
	return 0;
    }
}

When this program executes, nothing from the while loop would execute because, as the condition is checked in the beginning, it is false and the compiler would not get to the Statement. In some cases, you may want to execute a statement before checking the condition for the first time. This can be done using the do...while statement. Its formula is:

do Statement while (Condition);

The do...while condition executes a Statement first. After the first execution of the Statement, it examines the Condition. If the Condition is true, then it executes the Statement again. It will keep executing the Statement AS LONG AS the Condition is true. Once the Condition becomes false, the looping (the execution of the Statement) would stop.

If the Statement is a short one, such as made of one line, simply write it after the do keyword. Like the if and the while statements, the Condition being checked must be included between parentheses. The whole do...while statement must end with a semicolon.

Another version of the counting program seen previously would be:

using System;

public class Exercise
{
    public static int Main()
    {
        var stories = 0;

        do
            Console.WriteLine("Number {0}", stories++);
        while (stories <= 4);
	
	return 0;
    }
}

This would produce:

Number 0
Number 1
Number 2
Number 3
Number 4

Press any key to continue . . .

If the Statement is long and should span more than one line, start it with an opening curly bracket "{" and end it with a closing curly bracket "}".

1. Change the Management.cs file as follows:

   using System;
   
   public class Management
   {
       . . . No Change
   
       public static int Main()
       {
           double amount = 0;
           byte nextAction = 0;
           Customer accountHolder = null;
           Management registration = new Management();
   
           Console.Title = "National Bank";
   
           accountHolder = registration.CreateNewAccount();
           Console.WriteLine("Enter the customer's initial deposit");
           accountHolder.Balance = registration.GetMoney();
   
           Console.Clear();
   
           registration.ShowAccountInformation(accountHolder);
   
           do
           {
               Console.WriteLine("What do you want to do now?");
               Console.WriteLine("1 - Check account balance");
               Console.WriteLine("2 - Make a deposit");
               Console.WriteLine("3 - Withdraw money");
               Console.WriteLine("4 - Transfer money from one account to another");
               nextAction = byte.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
           } while ((nextAction < 1) || (nextAction > 4));
   
           switch (nextAction)
           {
               case 1:
                   break;
   
               case 2:
                   Console.Write("Enter the Deposit ");
                   amount = double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
                   accountHolder.Balance = accountHolder.Balance + amount;
                   break;
   
               case 3:
                   Console.Write("Enter the Withdrawal ");
                   amount = double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
                   accountHolder.Balance = accountHolder.Balance - amount;
                   break;
   
               case 4:
       Console.WriteLine("Operation not available: You have only one account with us");
                   break;
           }
   
           registration.ShowAccountInformation(accountHolder);
   
           Console.ReadKey();
           return 0;
       }
   }

2. Press F5 to execute
3. When requested, type the values as follows:
    

   Account Number:	301-240410-202
   Account Type:	1
   Customer Name:	Frank Trombs
   PIN:	9731
   Initial Deposit:	40.1

4. Press Enter

   ===========================================
   ==-= National Bank =-======================
   Customer Account Information
   -------------------------------------------
   Account #:    301-240410-202
   Account Type: Checking
   Full Name:    Frank Trombs
   PIN #:        9731
   Balance:      40.10
   ===========================================
   What do you want to do now?
   1 - Check account balance
   2 - Make a deposit
   3 - Withdraw money
   4 - Transfer money from one account to another
   Enter your choice:

5. When asked what you want to do, type 2 to make a deposit and press Enter
6. Type 125.85 and press Enter

   ===========================================
   ==-= National Bank =-======================
   Customer Account Information
   -------------------------------------------
   Account #:    301-240410-202
   Account Type: Checking
   Full Name:    Frank Trombs
   PIN #:        9731
   Balance:      165.95
   ===========================================

7. Press Enter to close the DOS window and return top your programming environment
8. Close your programming environment

The for statement is typically used to count a number of items. At its regular structure, it is divided in three parts. The first section specifies the starting point for the count. The second section sets the counting limit. The last section determines the counting frequency. The syntax of the for statement is:

for(Start; End; Frequency) Statement;

The Start expression is a variable assigned the starting value. This could be Count = 0;

The End expression sets the criteria for ending the counting. An example would be Count < 24; this means the counting would continue as long as the Count variable is less than 24. When the count is about to rich 24, because in this case 24 is excluded, the counting would stop. To include the counting limit, use the <= or >= comparison operators depending on how you are counting.

The Frequency expression would let the compiler know how many numbers to add or subtract before continuing with the loop. This expression could be an increment operation such as ++Count.

Here is an example that applies the for statement:

using System;

public class Exercise
{
    public static int Main()
    {
        for (var stories = 0; stories <= 4; stories++)
            Console.WriteLine("Number {0}", stories);

        return 0;
    }
}

This would produce:

Number 1
Number 2
Number 3
Number 4

Press any key to continue . . .

Consider the following program:

using System;

public class Exercise
{
    public static int Main()
    {
        var typeOfHome = 0;

        do
        {
            Console.WriteLine("What Type of House Would you Like to Purchase?");
            Console.WriteLine("1 - Single Family");
            Console.WriteLine("2 - Town House");
            Console.WriteLine("3 - Condominium");
            Console.Write("Your Choice? ");
            typeOfHome = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
        } while ((typeOfHome < 1) || (typeOfHome > 3));

        if (typeOfHome == 1)
            Console.WriteLine("\nType of Home: Single Family");
        else if (typeOfHome == 2)
            Console.WriteLine("\nType of Home: Town House");
        else if (typeOfHome == 3)
            Console.WriteLine("\nType of Home: Condominium");
	
	return 0;
    }
}

This is used to request one of the numbers 1, 2, or 3 from the user. Any number below 1 or above 3 is not accepted. Here is an example of running the program:

What Type of House Would you Like to Purchase?
1 - Single Family
2 - Town House
3 - Condominium
Your Choice? 8
What Type of House Would you Like to Purchase?
1 - Single Family
2 - Town House
3 - Condominium
Your Choice? 6
What Type of House Would you Like to Purchase?
1 - Single Family
2 - Town House
3 - Condominium
Your Choice? 3

Type of Home: Condominium

Press any key to continue . . .

If the user enters an invalid value, the question is simply being asked again. It would be professional to let the user know why the request came back even though what appears as a normal number was entered. To solve this and other types of problems, you can write one conditional statement inside of another. This is referred to as nesting. To create a conditional statement inside of another, simply proceed as we have done so far to create them. Here is an example:

using System;

public class Exercise
{
    public static int Main()
    {
        var typeOfHome = 0;

        do
        {
            Console.WriteLine("What Type of House Would you Like to Purchase?");
            Console.WriteLine("1 - Single Family");
            Console.WriteLine("2 - Townhouse");
            Console.WriteLine("3 - Condominium");
            Console.Write("Your Choice? ");
            typeOfHome = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

            if ((typeOfHome < 1) || (typeOfHome > 3))
                Console.WriteLine("Invalid Choice: Please try again");
        } while ((typeOfHome < 1) || (typeOfHome > 3));

        if (typeOfHome == 1)
            Console.WriteLine("\nType of Home: Single Family");
        else if (typeOfHome == 2)
            Console.WriteLine("\nType of Home: Townhouse");
        else if (typeOfHome == 3)
            Console.WriteLine("\nType of Home: Condominium");
	
	return 0;
    }
}

Here is another example of running the program:

What Type of House Would you Like to Purchase?
1 - Single Family
2 - Town House
3 - Condominium
Your Choice? 0
Invalid Choice: Please try again
What Type of House Would you Like to Purchase?
1 - Single Family
2 - Town House
3 - Condominium
Your Choice? 6
Invalid Choice: Please try againe
What Type of House Would you Like to Purchase?
1 - Single Family
2 - Town House
3 - Condominium
Your Choice? 2

Type of Home: Town House

Press any key to continue . . .

1. Change the Management.csc file as follows:

   using System;
   
   public class Management
   {
       private Customer CreateNewAccount()
       {
           . . . No Change
   
           return client;
       }
   
       public double GetMoney()
       {
           double amount = 0;
   
           Console.Write("Amount: ");
           amount = double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
           return amount;
       }
   
       private void ShowAccountInformation(Customer cust)
       {
           Console.WriteLine("===========================================");
           Console.WriteLine("==-= National Bank =-======================");
           Console.WriteLine("Customer Account Information");
           Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------------------");
           Console.WriteLine("Account #:    {0}", cust.AccountNumber);
           Console.WriteLine("Account Type: {0}", cust.Type);
           Console.WriteLine("Full Name:    {0}", cust.FullName);
           Console.WriteLine("PIN #:        {0}", cust.PIN);
           Console.WriteLine("Balance:      {0:F}", cust.Balance);
           Console.WriteLine("===========================================");
       }
   
       public static int Main()
       {
           double amount = 0;
           byte nextAction = 0;
           Customer accountHolder = null;
           Management registration = new Management();
   
           Console.Title = "National Bank";
   
           accountHolder = registration.CreateNewAccount();
           Console.WriteLine("Enter the customer's initial deposit");
           accountHolder.Balance = registration.GetMoney();
           Console.Clear();
   
           registration.ShowAccountInformation(accountHolder);
   
           do
           {
               Console.WriteLine("What do you want to do now?");
               Console.WriteLine("1 - Check account balance");
               Console.WriteLine("2 - Make a deposit");
               Console.WriteLine("3 - Withdraw money");
               Console.WriteLine("4 - Transfer money from one account to another");
               Console.Write("Enter your choice: ");
               nextAction = byte.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
               Console.Clear();
   
               switch (nextAction)
               {
                   case 1:
                       Console.Clear();
                       registration.ShowAccountInformation(accountHolder);
                       Console.Write("Press Enter for next operation");
                       Console.ReadKey();
                       break;
   
                   case 2:
                       Console.Write("Enter Deposit ");
                       amount = registration.GetMoney();
                       accountHolder.Balance = accountHolder.Balance + amount;
                       Console.Clear();
                       registration.ShowAccountInformation(accountHolder);
                       break;
   
                   case 3:
                       Console.Write("Enter Withdrawal ");
                       amount = registration.GetMoney();
   
                       if (amount > accountHolder.Balance)
                       {
                           Console.WriteLine(
                  "You are not allowed to withdraw more money than your account has.");
                           Console.ReadKey();
                       }
                       else
                           accountHolder.Balance = accountHolder.Balance - amount;
   
                       Console.Clear();
                       registration.ShowAccountInformation(accountHolder);
                       break;
   
                   case 4:
                       Console.WriteLine(
                       "Operation not available: You have only one account with us");
                       break;
               }
   
   
               if ((nextAction < 1) || (nextAction > 4))
                   Console.WriteLine(
                   "Invalid Action: Please enter a value between 1 and 4");
           } while ((nextAction >= 1) && (nextAction <= 4));
   
           Console.ReadKey();
           return 0;
       }
   }

2. Press F5 to execute
3. Enter information as follows:
    

   Account #	202-410443-240
   Account Type:	1
   Customer Name:	Paul Martin Eloundou
   PIN:	8402
   Initial Deposit:	750

4. Press Enter

   ===========================================
   ==-= National Bank =-======================
   Customer Account Information
   -------------------------------------------
   Account #:    202-410443-240
   Account Type: Checking
   Full Name:    Paul Martin Eloundou
   PIN #:        8402
   Balance:      750.00
   ===========================================
   What do you want to do now?
   1 - Check account balance
   2 - Make a deposit
   3 - Withdraw money
   4 - Transfer money from one account to another
   Enter your choice:

5. When asked to specify the next action, type 3 to withdraw money and press Enter
6. Type 425.85 as the amount to withdraw and press Enter

   ===========================================
   ==-= National Bank =-======================
   Customer Account Information
   -------------------------------------------
   Account #:    202-410443-240
   Account Type: Checking
   Full Name:    Paul Martin Eloundou
   PIN #:        8402
   Balance:      324.15
   ===========================================
   What do you want to do now?
   1 - Check account balance
   2 - Make a deposit
   3 - Withdraw money
   4 - Transfer money from one account to another
   Enter your choice:

7. Type the next action as 2 and press Enter
8. Type the amount as 22.84 and press Enter

   ===========================================
   ==-= National Bank =-======================
   Customer Account Information
   -------------------------------------------
   Account #:    202-410443-240
   Account Type: Checking
   Full Name:    Paul Martin Eloundou
   PIN #:        8402
   Balance:      346.99
   ===========================================
   What do you want to do now?
   1 - Check account balance
   2 - Make a deposit
   3 - Withdraw money
   4 - Transfer money from one account to another
   Enter your choice:

9. Type the next action as 3 and press Enter
10. Type the amount to withdraw as 500 and press Enter

    Enter Withdrawal Amount: 500
    You are not allowed to withdraw more money than your account has.

11. Press Enter

    ===========================================
    ==-= National Bank =-======================
    Customer Account Information
    -------------------------------------------
    Account #:    202-410443-240
    Account Type: Checking
    Full Name:    Paul Martin Eloundou
    PIN #:        8402
    Balance:      346.99
    ===========================================
    What do you want to do now?
    1 - Check account balance
    2 - Make a deposit
    3 - Withdraw money
    4 - Transfer money from one account to another
    Enter your choice:

12. Type 0 and press Enter
13. Press Enter again to close the DOS window and return to your programming environment

When you start creating client/server or resource intensive applications, you will know it is possible for more than one user or for more than one resource to access your application or to try to perform an operation on an object of your program. An example would consist of two people trying to add a new record or a new line to the same file. In some cases you can allow the operation. In some other cases, you will want to prevent it.

To prevent more than one user or resource to access an object of your application, you must create a lock where the operation is not allowed. To do this, use the following formula:

Declare a Variable

lock(Variable)
{
    // Do what you want here
}

// The variable has been released

1. Change the Management.cs file as follows:

    using System;
   
   public class Management
   {
       . . . No Change
   
       public static int Main()
       {
           double amount = 0;
           byte nextAction = 0;
           Customer accountHolder = null;
           Management registration = new Management();
   
           Console.Title = "National Bank";
   
           accountHolder = registration.CreateNewAccount();
           Console.WriteLine("Enter the customer's initial deposit");
           accountHolder.Balance = registration.GetMoney();
           Console.Clear();
   
           registration.ShowAccountInformation(accountHolder);
   
           do
           {
               Console.WriteLine("What do you want to do now?");
               Console.WriteLine("1 - Check account balance");
               Console.WriteLine("2 - Make a deposit");
               Console.WriteLine("3 - Withdraw money");
               Console.WriteLine("4 - Transfer money from one account to another");
               Console.Write("Enter your choice: ");
               nextAction = byte.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
               Console.Clear();
   
   	    // Don't allow wny other operation on this section
   	    // while this section is executing
               lock (registration)
               {
                   switch (nextAction)
                   {
                       case 1:
                           Console.Clear();
                           registration.ShowAccountInformation(accountHolder);
                           Console.Write("Press Enter for next operation");
                           Console.ReadKey();
                           break;
   
                       case 2:
                           Console.Write("Enter Deposit ");
                           amount = registration.GetMoney();
                           accountHolder.Balance = accountHolder.Balance + amount;
                           Console.Clear();
                           registration.ShowAccountInformation(accountHolder);
                           break;
   
                       case 3:
                           Console.Write("Enter Withdrawal ");
                           amount = registration.GetMoney();
   
                           if (amount > accountHolder.Balance)
                           {
                               Console.WriteLine(
                 "You are not allowed to withdraw more money than your account has.");
                               Console.ReadKey();
                           }
                           else
                               accountHolder.Balance = accountHolder.Balance - amount;
   
                           Console.Clear();
                           registration.ShowAccountInformation(accountHolder);
                           break;
   
                       case 4:
                           Console.WriteLine(
                         "Operation not available: You have only one account with us");
                           break;
                   }
               }
               // Other objects can access this section now
   
               if ((nextAction < 1) || (nextAction > 4))
             Console.WriteLine("Invalid Action: Please enter a value between 1 and 4");
           } while ((nextAction >= 1) && (nextAction <= 4));
           
           Console.ReadKey();
           return 0;
       }
   }

2. Press F5 to execute
3. Follow the same steps of the previous section
4. Return to your programming environment

The break statement is used to stop a loop for any reason or condition when necessary. The formula of the break statement is:

break;

Although made of only one word, the break statement is a complete statement; therefore, it can (and should always) stay on its own line (this makes the program easy to read).

The break statement applies to the most previous conditional statement to it; provided that previous statement is applicable. The break statement can be used in a while condition, in a do...while or a for loops to stop an ongoing action. Here is an example that is used to count the levels of a house from 1 to 12 but it is asked to stop at 3:

using System;

public class Exercise
{
    public static int Main()
    {
        for (var stories = 1; stories <= 12; stories++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Story {0}", stories);
            if (stories == 3)
                break;
        }
	
	return 0;
    }
}

This would produce: 

Story 1
Story 2
Story 3

Press any key to continue . . .

The continue statement uses the following formula:

continue;

When processing a loop, if the statement finds a false value, you can use the continue statement inside of a while, a do...while or a for conditional statements to ignore the subsequent statement or to jump from a false Boolean value to the subsequent valid value, unlike the break statement that would exit the loop. Like the break statement, the continue keyword applies to the most previous conditional statement and should stay on its own line. Here is an example when a program is supposed to count the levels of a house from 1 to 6:

using System;

public class Exercise
{
    public static int Main()
    {
        for (var stories = 1; stories <= 6; stories++)
        {
            if (stories == 3)
                continue;
            Console.WriteLine("Story {0}", stories);
        }
	
	return 0;
    }
}

This would produce:

Story 1
Story 2
Story 4
Story 5
Story 6

Press any key to continue . . .

Notice that, when the compiler gets to 3, it ignores it.

Inside a loop, you may want to put a flag that would monitor the evolution of a tag so that, if the tag gets to a certain value, instead of skipping the looping by 1, you can make it jump to a valued range of your choice. To do this, in the loop, check the current value and if it gets to one you are looking for, change it. Here is an example where a loop is asked to count from 0 to 15:

using System;

public class Exercise
{
    static int Main()
    {
        for (var story = 0; story < 15; story++)
        {
            if (story == 6)
                story = 10;
            Console.WriteLine("Elevator at: {0}", story);
        }

        return 0;
    }
}

This would produce:

Elevator at: 0
Elevator at: 1
Elevator at: 2
Elevator at: 3
Elevator at: 4
Elevator at: 5
Elevator at: 10
Elevator at: 11
Elevator at: 12
Elevator at: 13
Elevator at: 14
Press any key to continue . . .

Notice that, when the loop reaches 6, it is asked to jump to number 10 instead.

The goto statement allows a program execution to jump to another section of the function in which it is being used. In order to use the goto statement, insert a name on a particular section of your function so you can refer to that name. The name, also called a label, is made of one word and follows the rules we have learned about C++ names (the name can be anything), then followed by a colon. Here is an example where the program is supposed to count the levels of a 14 story building:

using System;

public class Exercise
{
    public static int Main()
    {
        for (var stories = 1; stories <= 14; stories++)
        {
            if (stories == 4)
                goto CountUpTo3;
            Console.WriteLine("Story {0}", stories);
        }

    CountUpTo3:
        Console.WriteLine("Our homes have only up to 3 levels\n");

	return 0;
    }
}

This would produce:

Story 1
Story 2
Story 3
Our homes have only up to 3 levels

Press any key to continue . . .

1. Change the Management.cs file as follows:

   using System;
   
   public class Management
   {
       . . . No Change
   
       public static int Main()
       {
           . . . No Change
   
           registration.ShowAccountInformation(accountHolder);
   
           do
           {
               . . . No Change
   
               lock (registration)
               {
                   switch (nextAction)
                   {
                       case 0:
                           goto EndTime;
                           break;
   
                       case 1:
                           Console.Clear();
                           registration.ShowAccountInformation(accountHolder);
                           Console.Write("Press Enter for next operation");
                           Console.ReadKey();
                           break;
   
                       . . . No Change
                   }
               }
   
               if ((nextAction < 1) || (nextAction > 4))
                   Console.WriteLine("Invalid Action: Please enter a value between 1 and 4");
           } while ((nextAction >= 1) && (nextAction <= 4));
   
       EndTime:
           Console.ReadKey();
           return 0;
       }
   }

2. Press F5 to execute
3. Enter information as follows:
    

   Account #:	202-103344-042
   Account Type:	2
   Customer Name:	Jimmy Simms
   PIN:	2468
   Initial Deposit	500

4. Press Enter

   ===========================================
   ==-= National Bank =-======================
   Customer Account Information
   -------------------------------------------
   Account #:    202-103344-042
   Account Type: Saving
   Full Name:    Jimmy Simms
   PIN #:        2468
   Balance:      500.00
   ===========================================
   What do you want to do now?
   1 - Check account balance
   2 - Make a deposit
   3 - Withdraw money
   4 - Transfer money from one account to another
   Enter your choice:

5. When asked to specify the next action, type 2 to make a deposit and press Enter
6. Type 328.66 as the amount to deposit and press Enter

   ===========================================
   ==-= National Bank =-======================
   Customer Account Information
   -------------------------------------------
   Account #:    202-103344-042
   Account Type: Saving
   Full Name:    Jimmy Simms
   PIN #:        2468
   Balance:      828.66
   ===========================================
   What do you want to do now?
   0 - Close the application
   1 - Check account balance
   2 - Make a deposit
   3 - Withdraw money
   4 - Transfer money from one account to another
   Enter your choice:

7. For the next action, type 0 and press Enter
8. Press Enter to close the DOS window and return to your programming environment
9. Close your programming environment