Microsoft Visual C# Example: The z Score

The formula to calculate the z score of an element of a population is:

The factors in this equation are:

1. Start Microsoft Visual Studio
2. To create a new application, on the main menu, click File -> New Project...
3. In the middle list, click Windows Forms Application
4. Change the Name to ZScore1
5. Click OK
6. In the Solution Explorer, right-click Form1.cs and click Rename
7. Type Exercise.cs and press Enter
8. Design the form as follows:
    

   Control Name Text Label   Value (x): TextBox txtValue   Button btnAdd Add ListView lvwValues FullRowSelect: True GridLines: True View: Details Columns   (Name) Text TextAlign Width colIndex #   30 colX x   40 colZScore z Score Right 120 Button btnCalculate Calculate Label   Number of Values: TextBox txtCount   Label   Sum of Values: TextBox txtSum   Label   Mean: TextBox txtMean   Label   Standard Deviation TextBox txtStandardDeviation   Button btnClear Clear/Reset Button btnClose Close

9. Double-click an unoccupied area of the form
10. Change the file as follows:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.ComponentModel;
    using System.Data;
    using System.Drawing;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Windows.Forms;
    
    namespace ZScore1
    {
        public partial class Exercise : Form
        {
            List<double> values;
    
            public Exercise()
            {
                InitializeComponent();
            }
    
            private void Exercise_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                values = new List<double>();
            }
    
            void ShowValues()
            {
                int i = 0;
                lvwValues.Items.Clear();
    
                foreach (double value in values)
                {
                    ListViewItem lviValue = new ListViewItem(i.ToString());
                    lviValue.SubItems.Add(value.ToString());
                    lvwValues.Items.Add(lviValue);
                }
            }
        }
    }

11. Return to the form and double-click the Add button
12. Implement the event as follows:

    private void btnAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        double x = 0.00D;
        double sum = 0.00D, mean = 0.00D;
        double bigSum = 0.00, stdDev;
    
        // Check that the user entered a value for x
        if (txtValue.Text.Length == 0)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("You must enter the x value.",
                            "Statistics");
            return;
        }
    
        // Get the value for x
        try
        {
            x = double.Parse(txtValue.Text);
        }
        catch (FormatException)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("The value you entered is invalid.",
                            "Statistics");
        }
    
        // Add the value to the list
        values.Add(x);
    
        ShowValues();
    
        // Calculate the sum of the values
        foreach (double value in values)
            sum += value;
    
        mean = sum / values.Count;
    
        // Calculate the total for the standard deviation
        for (int i = 0; i < values.Count; i++)
            bigSum += Math.Pow(values[i] - mean, 2);
    
        // Now we can calculate the standard deviation
        stdDev = Math.Sqrt(bigSum / (values.Count - 1));
    
        txtCount.Text = values.Count.ToString();
        txtSum.Text = sum.ToString();
        txtMean.Text = mean.ToString();
        txtStandardDeviation.Text = stdDev.ToString();
    
        txtValue.Text = "";
        txtValue.Focus();
    }

13. Return to the form
14. Double-click the Calculate button
15. Implement the event as follows:

    private void btnCalculate_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        double sum = 0.00, mean = 0.00;
        double bigSum = 0.00, stdDev;
    
        lvwValues.Items.Clear();
    
        // Example Values: To use these values, remove comment
        /*
        values.Add(70.8); values.Add(66.2); values.Add(71.7);
        values.Add(68.7); values.Add(67.6); values.Add(69.2);
        values.Add(66.5); values.Add(67.2); values.Add(68.3);
        values.Add(65.6); values.Add(63);   values.Add(68.3);
        values.Add(73.1); values.Add(67.6); values.Add(68);
        values.Add(71);   values.Add(61.3); values.Add(76.2);
        values.Add(66.3); values.Add(69.7); values.Add(65.4);
        values.Add(70);   values.Add(62.9); values.Add(68.5);
        values.Add(68.3); values.Add(69.4); values.Add(69.2);
        values.Add(68);   values.Add(71.9); values.Add(66.1);
        values.Add(72.4); values.Add(73);   values.Add(68);
        values.Add(68.7); values.Add(70.3); values.Add(63.7);
        values.Add(71.1); values.Add(65.6); values.Add(68.3);
        values.Add(66.3); */
    
        foreach (double value in values)
            sum += value;
        mean = sum / values.Count;
    
        // Calculate the total for the standard deviation
        for (int i = 0; i < values.Count; i++)
            bigSum += Math.Pow(values[i] - mean, 2);
    
        // Now we can calculate the standard deviation
        stdDev = Math.Sqrt(bigSum / (values.Count - 1));
    
        int j = 1;
        foreach (double value in values)
        {
            ListViewItem lviValue = new ListViewItem(j.ToString());
            lviValue.SubItems.Add(value.ToString());
            lviValue.SubItems.Add(((value - mean) / stdDev).ToString());
            lvwValues.Items.Add(lviValue);
            j++;
        }
    
        txtCount.Text = values.Count.ToString();
        txtSum.Text = sum.ToString();
        txtMean.Text = mean.ToString();
        txtStandardDeviation.Text = stdDev.ToString();
    }

16. Return to the form
17. Double-click the Clear/Reset button
18. Implement the event as follows:

    private void btnClear_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        txtValue.Text = "";
        lvwValues.Items.Clear();
        txtCount.Text = "";
        txtSum.Text = "";
        txtMean.Text = "";
        txtStandardDeviation.Text = "";
    
        txtValue.Focus();
    }

19. Return to the form
20. Double-click the Close button
21. Implement the event as follows:

    private void btnClose_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Close();
    }

22. To execute, press F5
23. Enter values and click Add each time
24. After adding the values, click Calculate
     
    
25. Close the form and return to your programming environment

Application