GDI+ Shapes: Pies

Introduction

A pie is a fraction of an ellipse delimited by a starting angle and an angle that constitutes the desired portion to make up a pie. It can be illustrated as follows:

To draw a pie, you can use the Graphics.DrawPie() method that comes in various versions as follows:

public void DrawPie(Pen pen,
                 Rectangle rect,
                 float startAngle,
                 float sweepAngle);
public void DrawPie(Pen pen,
                 RectangleF rect,
                 float startAngle,
                 float sweepAngle);
public void DrawPie(Pen pen,
                 int x,
                 int y,
                 int width,
                 int height,
                 int startAngle,
                 int sweepAngle);
public void DrawPie(Pen pen,
                 float x,
                 float y,
                 float width,
                 float height,
                 float startAngle,
                 float sweepAngle);

A pie is based on an ellipse (like an arc). The ellipse would fit in a rectangle passed as the rect argument. The rectangle can also be specified by its location (x, y) and its dimensions (width and height).

Inside of the parent rectangle in which an ellipse would be drawn, you set a starting angle. This angle is measured from 0 up counted clockwise (like the numbers of an analog clock). This means that an angle of 90 represents 6 o'clock and not 12 o'clock. This starting angle is passed as the startAngle argument.

After specifying the starting angle, you must specify the amount of angle covered by the pie. This also is measured clockwise. This value is passed as the sweepAngle argument.

Here is an example:

private void Exercise_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
        Pen penCurrent = new Pen(Color.Red);
        e.Graphics.DrawPie(penCurrent, 20, 20, 200, 100, 45, 255);
}

This would produce:

Application: Drawing an Ellipse

1. Start Microsoft Visual C# and create a new Windows Application named SchoolEnrolment1
2. Design the form as follows:
    

   

   Control		Name	Text
   Label			Enrolment / Program ___________________________
   Label			Graduates
   Label			Undergraduates
   Label			Certificates
   TextBox		txtGraduates	0
   TextBox		txtUndergraduates	0
   TextBox		txtCertificates	0
   Button		btnCreateChart	Create Chart
   PictureBox		pbxChart
   Label			____Legend____
   Label		lblGraduates	Graduates
   Label		lblUndergraduates	Undergraduates
   Label		lblCertificates	Certificates
   Button		btnClose	Close

3. Right-click the form and click View Code
4. Declare three variables as follows:
   

   using System;
   using System.Collections.Generic;
   using System.ComponentModel;
   using System.Data;
   using System.Drawing;
   using System.Linq;
   using System.Text;
   using System.Windows.Forms;
   
   namespace SchoolEnrolment1
   {
       public partial class Form1 : Form
       {
           float Graduates;
           float Undergraduates;
           float Certificates;
   
           public Form1()
           {
               InitializeComponent();
           }
       }
   }

5. Return to the form and click an unoccupied area of its body. In the Properties window, click the Events button
6. Double-click the Paint field and implement the event as follows:
   

   private void Form1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
   {
               pbxChart.CreateGraphics().DrawEllipse(new Pen(Color.Red),
                                 new Rectangle(0,  0, 260, 200));
               pbxChart.CreateGraphics().DrawPie(new Pen(Color.Blue),
                                         0.0F, 0.0F, 260.0F, 200.0F, 0.0F, Graduates);
               pbxChart.CreateGraphics().DrawPie(new Pen(Color.Green),
                                         0.0F, 0.0F, 260.0F,
                           200.0F, Graduates, Undergraduates);
               pbxChart.CreateGraphics().DrawPie(new Pen(Color.Fuchsia),
                                         0.0F, 0.0F, 260.0F,
                             200.0F, Graduates + Undergraduates,
                                 Certificates);
   
               e.Graphics.DrawEllipse(new Pen(Color.Blue),
                                     new Rectangle(lblGraduates.Left,
                                   lblGraduates.Top + 20,
                           lblUndergraduates.Width,
                           20));
   
               e.Graphics.DrawEllipse(new Pen(Color.Green),
                                     new Rectangle(lblUndergraduates.Left,
                                   lblUndergraduates.Top + 20,
                           lblUndergraduates.Width,
                           20));
   
               e.Graphics.DrawEllipse(new Pen(Color.Fuchsia),
                                     new Rectangle(lblCertificates.Left,
                                   lblCertificates.Top + 20,
                           lblUndergraduates.Width,
                               20));
   }

7. Return to the form and click the picture box
8. In the Events section of the Properties window, double-click Paint and implement its event as follows:
   

   private void pbxChart_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
   {
               Invalidate();
   }

9. Return to the form and double-click the Create Chart button
10. Implement the event as follows:
    

    private void btnCreateChart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
                float grad = 0.00F,
                      under = 0.00F,
                      cert = 0.00F,
                      total = 0.00F;
                float percentGraduates,
                  percentUndergraduates,
                  percentCertificates;
    
                try
                {
                    grad = float.Parse(txtGraduates.Text);
                }
                catch (FormatException)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("Invalid graduate value");
                }
    
                try
                {
                    under = float.Parse(txtUndergraduates.Text);
                }
                catch (FormatException)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("Invalid graduate value");
                }
    
                try
                {
                    cert = float.Parse(txtCertificates.Text);
                }
                catch (FormatException)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("Invalid graduate value");
                }
    
                total = grad + under + cert;
                percentGraduates = (grad / total) * 100;
                percentUndergraduates = (under / total) * 100;
                percentCertificates = (cert / total) * 100;
    
                Graduates = (360 * percentGraduates) / 100;
                Undergraduates = (360 * percentUndergraduates) / 100;
                Certificates = (360 * percentCertificates) / 100;
    
                pbxChart.Invalidate();
    }

11. Execute the application and test the form
     
     
12. After using it, close the form