Modeling a House

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Setting Up the House Body

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Practical Learning: Introducing the Model

1. Save the following image to your computer:

   

2. Start Blender
3. Click the default cube to select it (it should be selected already)
4. In the Properties window, click the Object button (it should be selected already) to access the primary properties of the cube
5. Change the name to HouseBody and press Enter
6. In the Outliner, click the Hide In Viewport button of the HouseBody item to hide it
7. Save the following image to your computer:

   

8. Back in Blender, to change the view, on the top menu, click View -> Viewpoint -> Top
9. To display an image, on the top menu, click Add -> Image -> Background...
10. Locate and select the above image
11. In the Outliner, click the Hide In Viewport button of the HouseBody item to unhide it
12. On the 3D Viewport toolbar, click the Transform button
13. In the Viewport, click the HouseBody cube to select it
14. Click the Toggle X-Ray button to make the cube transparent
15. Use the tools of the Tranforms button to enlarge the cube as follows (don't try to be too precise; this is not a professional architectural job):

    

16. On the 3D Viewport toolbar, click the Move button to make sure no modeling tool is selected
17. In the Outliner, click the Hide In Viewport button of the HouseBody item to hide it
18. Save the following image to your computer:

    

19. Back in Blender, to change the view, on the top menu, click View -> Viewpoint -> Front
20. To display an image, on the top menu, click Add -> Image -> Background...
21. Locate and select the above image
22. In the Outliner, click the Hide In Viewport button of the HouseBody item to unhide it
23. On the 3D Viewport toolbar, click the background image you just added to select that image
24. Use the S key and the tools of the Move button to enlarge and move the image as follows (don't be particularly precise; we are not performing a professional architectural project):

    

25. Move the same image up so that its foundation aligns with the red line that represents the X axis (don't be particularly precise; we are not performing a professional architectural project)
26. On the 3D Viewport, click the HouseBody cube to select it
27. Move the HouseBody cube up so that its bottom border aligns with the red line that represents the X axis (don't be particularly precise; we are not performing a professional architectural project):

    

28. In the Outliner, click the Hide In Viewport button of the HouseBody item to hide it

Creating the Windows

Practical Learning: Calling a Function

1. To add a new object, on the top menu, click Add -> Mesh -> Cube
2. On the 3D Viewport toolbar, click the Transform button
3. Use S key and the tools of the Tranforms button to set the size of the cube to one left side of a window as follows:

   

4. Back in Blender, to change the view, on the top menu, click View -> Viewpoint -> Top
5. Use S key and the tools of the Tranforms button to set the width of the cube to be a little wider than a wall as follows:

   

6. Click the Toggle X-Ray button to remove the transparency
7. Make sure the HouseBody cube is selected (if it is not, in the Outliner, click HouseBody).
   On the top-main menu of Blender, click Modeling
8. To display , position the mouse in the 3D Viewport. Press Shift + D and press Enter
9. To display.
   Change the following values:

   Name:     
   Location: X: 0
             Y: 0.025
             Z: 1.355
   Rotation: X: 90
             Y: 0
             Z: 0
   Scale:    X: 2.6
             Y: 1.35
             Z: 0.025

   In the left toolbar, click the Move button

10. 

11. In the Object section of the Properties window, change the Y location to 3.975

    Name:       Wall-External-Back
    Location Y: 3.975

    

12. In the Object section of the Properties window, change the following values:

    Name:         Wall-External-Left
    Location: X: -2.58
              Y:  2
              Z:  1.355
    Rotation: X:  90
              Y:  0
              Z:  90
    Scale:    X:  2
              Y:  1.35
              Z:  0.025

    

13. To duplicate the wall, position the mouse in the 3D Viewport. Press Shift + D and press Enter
14. In the Object section of the Properties window, remove the - sign in the value of the Y location

    Name:       Wall-External-Right
    Location X: 2.58

    

Adding the Entrance Door

Obviously, a house should have doors. In this section, we will add the necessary doors to our house.

Practical Learning: Adding an Entrance Door

1. In a previous lesson, we modeled a simple door. Start another instance of Blender and open that file
2. Draw a rectangle that touches the door frame and its inside face (the door leaf)
3. Press Ctrl + C to copy the door to the clipboard
4. Return to the instance of Blender where we are modeling the house
5. Position the mouse in the 3D Viewport and press Ctrl + V to paste the door
6. While the door is still selected, right-click anywhere in the 3D Viewport and click Move to Collection
7. On the Move to New Collection dialog box, click Create
8. On the top menu, click View -> Viewpoint -> Front
9. Use the red arrow of the X axis to move the door to the left as follow:

   

   

10. In a previous lesson, we modeled a simple door lock. In the other instance of Blender you had started, open the file of that door lock
11. Click the door lock to select it
12. Press Ctrl + C to copy it
13. Return to the instance of Blender where we are modeling the house
14. Position the mouse in the 3D Viewport and press Ctrl + V to paste the door
15. While the door lock is still selected, right-click anywhere in the 3D Viewport and click Move to Collection
16. On the Move to Collection dialog box, click Door-External
17. On the top menu, click View -> Viewpoint -> Front
18. Use the red arrow of the X axis to move the door to the left as follow:

    

19. In a previous lesson, we modeled a door handle. In the other instance of Blender you had started, open the file of that door lock
20. Draw a rectangle that touches the parts of the door handle to select
21. Press Ctrl + C to copy the selection
22. Return to the instance of Blender where we are modeling the house
23. Position the mouse in the 3D Viewport and press Ctrl + V to paste the door
24. While the door handle is still selected, use the blue arrow of the Z axis to move the door handle and its lock down as follow:

    

    

Adding a Kitchen Door

The house has a kichen and that kitchen will use an external door. In this section, we will add that door.

Practical Learning: Adding a Kitchen Door

1. In the Outliner, click one of the objects in the Door-External node
2. Press and hold Shift
3. Still in the Outliner, click each one of the object objects in the Door-External node to select them
4. On the top menu, click View -> Viewpoint -> Top
5. Press Alt + D and press Enter
6. To rotate the duplicated door, first press the R key
7. Press Z to rotate horizontally
8. Type 180 and press Enter
9. While the door is still selected, move it to the back wall of the house as follows:

   

   

   

10. On the top menu, click View -> Viewpoint -> Back
11. While the door and its locks are still selected, press Alt + D and press Enter
12. Use the X arrow to move the duplicated door to the right side of the other back door
13. Move the door lock and the handle to the right side of the door:

    

Adding a Garage Door

The house has an indoor garage. That garage has a door. We will make it a two-door garage. In this section, we will add those doors.

Practical Learning: Adding Two Garage Doors

1. In a previous lesson, we modeled a garage door. In the other instance of Blender, open that file
2. Click the garage door to select it
3. Press Ctrl + C to copy the garage door to the clipboard
4. Position the mouse in the 3D Viewport and press Ctrl + V to paste the door
5. Position the garage doors to the right side of the house:

   

   

Adding a Large Window

Obviously, the house has windows. Now, we will add some windows. We start with a large window because the house uses only one of them.

Practical Learning: Adding a Large Window

1. In a previous lesson, we modeled a large window. In the other instance of Blender you had started, open the file of that door lock
2. Draw a rectangle that touches the parts of the window to select

   

3. Press Ctrl + C to copy the selection
4. Return to the instance of Blender where we are modeling the house
5. Position the mouse in the 3D Viewport and press Ctrl + V to paste the door
6. While the window is still selected, use the visual arrows to move the window to the right side of the from door as follow:

   

   

Adding Medium Windows

The house must use various windows for different rooms of the house. In this section, we will add one of those windows, and then duplicate it for the rooms that need such a window.

Practical Learning: Adding Windows

1. In a previous lesson, we modeled a simple window. In the other instance of Blender, open that file
2. Draw a rectangle to touches the parts of the window to select it

   

3. Press Ctrl + C to copy it
4. Return to the instance of Blender where we are modeling the house
5. Position the mouse in the 3D Viewport and press Ctrl + V to paste the door
6. While the window (and its parts) is still selected, right-click anywhere in the 3D Viewport and click Move to Collection
7. On the Move to Collection dialog box, click New Collection
8. Type Window-Front-BL
9. Click Create
10. On the top menu, click View -> Viewpoint -> Front
11. Use the visual arrows in the 3D Viewport to move the window to the left of the front door as follow:

    

12. Make sure the window is selected (if it is not, in the Outliner window, click the first item below Window-Front-BL; press and hold Shift; click the last item below Window-Front-BL to select the whole window; then release Shift).
    Press Alt + D to duplicate the window
13. While the window and all its parts are still selected, to change the orientation of the window, press R (to rotate)
14. Press Z to rotate vertically
Type -90 and press Enter
15. Use the visual X (red) and Y (green) but not the Z (blue) arrows on the screen to position the window to the right section of the left wall

    

    

16. While the window (and its parts) is still selected, right-click anywhere in the 3D Viewport and click Move to Collection
17. On the Move to Collection dialog box, click New Collection
18. Type Window-Left-Wall-BR
19. Click Create
20. Position the mouse in the 3D Viewport, press Alt + D to duplicate and move the duplicate
21. While the window (and its parts) is still selected, right-click anywhere in the 3D Viewport and click Move to Collection
22. On the Move to Collection dialog box, click New Collection
23. Type Window-Left-Wall-BL
24. Click Create
25. Move the new window to the left side of the back wall as follows:

    

26. To select both left wall windows, in the Outliner, select all objects in the Window-Front-BL section and those in the Window-Left-Wall-BL section:

    

27. To duplicate the windows, press Alt + D and press Enter
28. Move the selected window up as follows:

    

    

29. Use any of the above techniques to add four new windows to the front wall of the house as follows:

    

30. In the same way, add two windows to the bottom-right section of the right was as follows:

    

31. In the same way, add four windows to the back door as follows:

    

    

    

Doors and Windows Openings

In previous sections, we add windows by their positions. Now we will create some openings on the walls where the windows and doos are positioned.

Practical Learning: Creating Openings for Doors and Windows

1. Click an empty area of house to select the front wall
2. Position the mouse as close as possible to the left (or the right) border of the wall. Press Ctrl + R to create a horizontal cut and click once
3. Move the cut to position it within the top border of the top windows:

   

4. Click to confirm the loop cut
5. In the same way, create horzontal cuts within the bottom borders of the top window, within the top borders of the bottom window, within the bottom borders of the bottom window, and within the top borders of the garage window:

   

6. Position the mouse as close as possible to the top (or the bottom) border of the wall of the house. Press Ctrl + R to create a vertical cut and click once
7. Move the cut to position it within the left border of the left windows:

   

8. Click to confirm the loop cut
9. In the same way, create horzontal cuts within the vertical borders of the windows and walls:

   

10. On the top bar, click the Face button
11. Click within a window or a door to select its inside face:

    

12. Press Delete
13. On the menu the comes up, click Faces. In the same way, delete the faces within windows and doors
14. Rotate the house to access its inside. Delete the faces within windows and doors
15. On the main menu of Blender, click Layout:

    

16. Follow the above steps to create openings in the left wall:

    

17. And delete the face(s) within each window:

    

18. In the same way, Follow the above steps to create openings in the back wall and delete the face(s) within each window
19. On the top menu of Blender, click Layout
20. To save the model, on the main menu of Blender, click File and click Save
21. In the top combo box, specify a folder of your choice
22. Change the file name to House-Medium
23. Click Save Blender File

Modeling the Ceiling Frame

A house must be covered. That cover starts with a frame made of different parts, usually in wood. Since this is not an extended design, we will keep the ceiling frame to a minimum.

Practical Learning: Modeling the Ceiling Frame

1. To start a ceiling, on the 3D Viewport menu, click Add -> Mesh -> Plan
2. In the Object section of the Properties window, change the following values:

   Name:         Ceiling
   Location: X:  0
             Y:  2
             Z:  2.7
             
   Scale:    X:  3
             Y:  2.265
             Z:  0

3. Make sure the new plane is selected:

   

   On the top menu, click Modeling
4. Make sure you can access the top face of the new cube.
   Press Ctrl + R to create a horizontal loop
5. Move the mouse so the loop line would be paralle to the longer edges:

   

6. Click once to create the loop and right-click to accept the loop:

   

7. Press G to move the loop cut
8. Press Z to move the loop cut vertically
9. Move the mouse slightly and click
10. In the bottom-left section of Blender, click Move to expand the window
11. In the Move window, change the Z value to 1.275:

    Move X: 0
         Y: 0
         Z: 1.275

12. Position the mouse in the viewport. Then press A to select the faces
13. Press E to extrude
14. Move the mouse up slighly and click
15. In the Extrude Region and Move window, change the Z value to 0.1:

    Move X: 0
         Y: 0
         Z: 0.1

16. On the 3D Viewport toolbar, click the Edge button
17. Click the lower edge of one of the top faces:

    

18. On the menu of the 3D Viewport, click View -> Viewpoint -> Right

    

19. While the edge is selected, move the mouse slighty:

    

20. Use the same steps to move the other edge:

    

21. Make sure the mouse is positioned on the house.
    Press M

    

22. In the Asset Library window, drag the selected items and drop the group in the 3D Viewport
23. Close Blender
24. When asked whether you want to save, click Don't Save

Setting the Materials for Walls

We are planning to create some variances of the same house. Those variances will have different colors or wall appearances.

Practical Learning: Setting the Materials for Walls

1. To access the materials of the faces, on the top-main menu of Blender, click Shading
2. On the top menu, click View -> Viewpoint -> Front
3. Click somewhere on the wall to select it
4. Rotate the house to view it in perspective
5. On the bottom bar, click Material to select it
6. Type Large-Wall and press Enter
7. On the Shading toolbar, click Add -> Texture -> Brick Texture
8. From the Brick Texture window, drag Color and drop it to the Base Color of Principled BSDF
9. In the Brick Texture window, change the following values:

   Color 1:       #E79059FF
   Color 2:       #5C2E05FF
   Scale:         15
   Mortar Size:   0.015
   Mortar Smooth: 0.1
   Brick Width:   0.25
   Row Height:    0.205

   

10. Click one of the smaller walls of the house to select it
11. On the Shading toolbar, click the New Material button
12. Type Small-Wall and press Enter
13. On the Shading toolbar, click Add -> Texture -> Brick Texture
14. From the Brick Texture window, drag Color and drop it to the Base Color of Principled BSDF
15. In the Brick Texture window, change the following values:

    Color 1:       #E79059FF
    Color 2:       #5C2E05FF
    Scale:         15
    Mortar Size:   0.015
    Mortar Smooth: 0.1
    Brick Width:   0.295
    Row Height:    0.205

16. Click the other small wall to select it
17. On the Shading toolbar, click the arrow of the Material button and select Small-Wall
18. On the top-main menu of Blender, click Layout
19. On the bottom bar, click the arrow of the Browse Material combo box and select Short-Wall
20. To hide the walls of the house, in the numeric pad of the keyboard, press /

    

21. On the left bar, click the Loop Cut button
22. In the Resize window in the bottom-left section of the 3D Viewport window, change the following values:

    Move: X: 2.55
          Y: 1
          Z: 1

    



23. On the top bar, click the Face button
24. On the menu that appears, click Faces
25. To display the hidden objects, in the numeric pad of the keyboard, press /
26. To confirm the separated parts, on the top-main menu of Blender, click Layout
27. Position the mouse on the 3D Viewport. On your keyboard, press H to hide the face
28. Click any border of the window to select it

    

29. To continue editing the door, on the main menu of Blender, click Modeling
30. On the top bar, click the Edge button
31. On the window, click one of the interior edges of the opening to select it
32. On your keyboard, press and hold Shift
33. Click each of the interior edges of both openings of the door but don't select the bottom edge of each side

    

    

34. On the menu bar, click Edge -> Bridge Edge Loops

    

    

35. On the top-main menu of Blender, click Layout

    

36. In the 3D Viewport, click that interior face (Door-Leaf) to select it
37. To edit the face, on the main menu of Blender, click Modeling
38. On the top menu bar, click the Face button
39. Click the large face on the door

    

40. Press E to extrude and press Enter
41. On the main menu of Blender, click Layout

    

    

42. In the Add Cube window, change the following characteristics:

    Radius:     0.015
    Radius 2:    0.01
    Depth:       0.01
    Location X: -1.135
             Y:  2.25
             Z:  0.55
    Rotation X:  90

    

43. Type as the name and press Enter
44. To edit the cone, on the top-main menu of Blender, click Modeling
45. To hide the other objects, in the numeric pad of the keyboard, press /
46. Click and drag the Rotate button to see the large back face of the cone

    

47. On the top menu, click the Face button
48. Click the large vertical face to select it

    

49. Press E to extrude and press Enter
50. In the Extrude Region and Move window, change the Z value to 0.45:

    Move Z: 0.035

    

51. Position the mouse on an empty area of the 3D Viewport window. Press E to extrude and press Enter
52. In the Extrude Region and Move window, change the Z value to 0.1:

    Move Z: 0.1

    

53. Position the mouse in the 3D Viewport. Press S to resize the face. Pull the mouse slightly and click
54. In the Resize window, change the X and the Z values to 0.95 each:

    Scale: X: 0.95
           Z: 0.95

55. Position the mouse in the 3D Viewport. Press E to extrude, then press S to resize, then press Enter
56. In the Extrude Region and Move window, change the X and the Z values to 0.5:

    Scale: X: 0.95
           Z: 0.95

    

57. Rotate the cone to see the front face (you can use the middle button of the mouse)
58. Click the front vertical face to select it

    

59. Press E to extrude and press Enter
60. In the Extrude Region and Move window, change the Z value to 0.025:

    Move Z: 0.025

    

61. Position the mouse in the 3D Viewport. Press S to resize. Slightly move the mouse and click
62. In the Resize window, change the X and the Z values to 0.95 each:

    Scale: X: 0.95
           Z: 0.95

    

63. While the face is still selected, position the mouse in the 3D Viewport. Press E to extrude, then press S to resize, then press Enter
64. In the Extrude Region and Move window, change the X and the Z values to 0.875:

    Scale: X: 0.875
           Z: 0.875

    

65. While the face is still selected, position the mouse in the 3D Viewport. Press E to extrude, then press S to resize, then press Enter
66. In the Extrude Region and Move window, change the X and the Z values to 0.95:

    Scale X: 0.95
           Z: 0.95

    

67. While the face is still selected, position the mouse on the 3D Viewport window. Press E to extrude, then press S to resize, then press Enter
68. In the Extrude Region and Move window, change the X and the Z values to 0.95 each:

    Scale: X: 0.985
           Z: 0.985

    

69. While the face is still selected, position the mouse on an empty area of the 3D Viewport window. Press E to extrude, then press S to resize, then press Enter
70. In the Extrude Region and Move window, change the X and the Z values to 0.95 each:

    Scale: X: 0.985
           Z: 0.985

    

71. While the face is still selected, position the mouse on an empty area of the 3D Viewport window. Press E to extrude, then press S to resize, then press Enter
72. In the Extrude Region and Move window, change the X and the Z values to 0.95 each:

    Scale: X: 0.95
           Z: 0.95

    

73. On the top tool menu, click the Edge button
74. Press and hold Alt
75. On the shape in the 3D Viewport, click one of the edges of the 5th circle from the external circle
76. Release Alt

    

77. Press G slightly and click
78. In the Move window, change the values as follows:

    Move: X: 0
          Y: 0.25
          Z: 0

    

79. Press and hold Alt
80. Click one of the edges of the 4th circle from the external circle
81. Release Alt

    

82. Press Ctrl + B and press Enter
83. In the Bevel window, change the following values:

    Width:    0.0125
    Segments: 2

    

84. While the Edge option is still selected, press and hold Alt
85. Click one of the edges outside the inner circle
86. Release Alt

    

87. Position the mouse in the 3D Viewport window. Press Ctrl + B and press Enter
88. In the Bevel window, change the following values:

    Width:    0.0125
    Segments: 2

    

89. On the top bar, click the Face button
90. Click the large central face to select it
91. Press E to extrude
92. Then press S to resize, then press Enter
93. In the Extrude Region and Move window, change the X and Y values as follows:

    Scale X: 0.65
          Z: 0.65

    

94. Position the mouse in the 3D Viewport window. Press G to move the face
95. Move the mouse slightly and click
96. In the Move window, change the following values:

    Move X: 0
              Y: 0
              Z: -0.105

    

97. While the face is still selected, press E to extrude
98. Then press S, then press Enter
99. In the Extrude Region and Move window, change the following values:

    Move X: 0.975
         Z: 0.975

100. While the face is still selected, press E to extrude
101. Tthen press S, then press Enter
102. In the Extrude Region and Move window, change the following values:

     Move X: 0.975
          Z: 0.975

103. While the face is still selected, press E to extrude
104. Then press S, then press Enter
105. In the Extrude Region and Move window, change the following values:

     Move X: 0.205
          Z: 0.85

     

106. On the top tool menu, click the Edge button
107. Press and hold Alt
108. Release Alt

     

109. Press G slightly and click
110. In the Move window, change the values as follows:

     Move: X: 0
            Y: 0.025
            Z: 0

     

111. On the top toolbar, click the Face button
112. Click the large oval face on the lock to select it

     

113. Press E to extrude and press Enter
114. In the Extrude Region and Move window, change the following values:

     Move X:  0
          Y:  0
          Z: -0.75

     

115. To save the lock, on the main menu, click File -> Save
116. Click Save
117. While the lock is still selected, in the Properties window, click the Modifiers button
118. In the Properties window, set the Levels Viewport to 2:

     Levels Viewport: 2

119. Right-click the lock and click Shade Smooth:

     

120. To save, on the main menu, click File -> Save As...
121. Set the document name Door-Lock-Simple-2

Adding Windows

Obviously, a house should have walls and window. In this section, we will add them to the model.

Finalizing the Interior Door

Practical Learning: Finalizing the Interior Door

1. Click the default cube to select it (it should be selected already)
2. In the Properties window, click the Object button (it should be selected already) to access the primary properties of the cube

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